学习Vlan、OSPF、DHCP、DNS、NAT从中获得了什么
时间: 2023-09-02 15:06:29 浏览: 45
学习Vlan、OSPF、DHCP、DNS、NAT可以获得以下方面的收获:
1. 网络基础知识:学习这些网络技术需要掌握一定的网络基础知识,包括TCP/IP协议、网络拓扑结构、路由协议、网络安全等方面的知识。
2. 网络管理技能:Vlan、DHCP、DNS、NAT等技术都是网络管理中常用的工具,学习这些技术可以提高网络管理的能力,简化网络配置和维护工作。
3. 解决问题的能力:学习这些技术需要掌握一定的问题解决能力,能够通过分析和排查网络问题,快速定位问题,并采取有效措施解决问题。
4. 逻辑思维能力:学习这些技术需要具备一定的逻辑思维能力,能够理解网络拓扑结构,分析网络流量和数据包传输路径等方面的问题。
5. 实践经验:学习这些技术需要进行实践操作,通过搭建实验环境、配置网络设备等方式进行实践,积累实践经验和技能。
总的来说,学习Vlan、OSPF、DHCP、DNS、NAT等网络技术可以提高网络技术水平和解决问题的能力,为网络管理和维护工作提供有力支持。
相关问题
编写一个涵盖ospf协议、rip协议、 stp技术, acl技术,vlan划分,ipv6,eigrp协议,dhcp技术,nat技术, aaa技术,该拓扑图请将两个pc机连接二层交换机,另外两个pc机连接二层交换机 ,两个二层交换机与一个三层交换机连接, 该三层交换机与左侧路由器连接,左侧路由器与中间路由器连接,中间的路由器与右侧路由器连接,右侧路由器连接一个三层交换机,三层交换机连接两个二层交换机,两个二层交换机各连接两个pc机,写出每个设备接口的ip地址,必须实现不同协议的交叉互通,及所有设备进行SSH登录,还要体现二、三层的安全保护,请写出配置命令
拓扑图如下:
```
+-----------+ +-------------+ +-----------+
| PC1 | | PC2 | | PC3 |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+ +---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+ +---+---+---+
| SW1 | | SW2 | | SW3 |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+ +---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| +------------------------+ +------------------------+ |
| |
| |
| |
+---+---+---+ |
| R1 | |
| | |
+---+---+---+ |
| |
| |
| |
+---+---+---+ |
| R2 | |
| | |
+---+---+---+ |
| |
| |
| |
+---+---+---+ |
| R3 | |
| | |
+---+---+---+ |
| |
| |
| |
+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+ +---+---+---+
| SW4 | | SW5 | | PC4 |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+ +---+---+---+
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+---+---+---+ +---+---+---+ +---+---+---+
| PC5 | | PC6 | | PC7 |
| | | | | |
+-----------+ +-------------+ +-----------+
```
为了简化配置,我们假设所有设备的管理VLAN都是VLAN 1,所有设备的SSH用户名密码均为admin/admin。
下面给出每个设备接口的IP地址及配置命令:
## R1
```
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
ip address 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 2001:db8:1::/64 area 0
network 2001:db8:2::/64 area 0
!
ipv6 dhcp pool IPv6_POOL
address prefix 2001:db8:1:1::/64 lifetime infinite infinite
domain-name example.com
dns-server 2001:db8:1::1
!
ip dhcp pool DHCP_POOL
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.1.1
dns-server 8.8.8.8
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
```
## R2
```
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
ip address 10.0.4.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.0.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.0.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
router eigrp 2
network 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.0.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.0.4.0 0.0.0.255
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 2001:db8:2::/64 area 0
!
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.3.1 10.0.3.10
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.0.4.1 10.0.4.10
!
ip dhcp pool DHCP_POOL1
network 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.3.1
dns-server 8.8.8.8
!
ip dhcp pool DHCP_POOL2
network 10.0.4.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 10.0.4.1
dns-server 8.8.8.8
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
```
## R3
```
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
ip address 10.0.5.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 1
network 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.0.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
router rip
network 192.168.2.0
!
ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 router ospf 1
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 2001:db8:3::/64 area 0
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
```
## SW1
```
vlan 10
name MANAGEMENT
vlan 20
name USERS
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan20
ip address 10.0.1.3 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
switchport mode trunk
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
!
```
## SW2
```
vlan 10
name MANAGEMENT
vlan 30
name SERVERS
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Vlan10
ip address 10.0.1.4 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan30
ip address 10.0.3.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 30
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
switchport mode trunk
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
!
```
## SW3
```
vlan 10
name MANAGEMENT
vlan 40
name GUESTS
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan40
ip address 10.0.4.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 40
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
switchport mode trunk
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
!
```
## SW4
```
vlan 50
name MANAGEMENT
vlan 60
name USERS
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Vlan50
ip address 10.0.5.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan60
ip address 10.0.6.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 50
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 60
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
switchport mode trunk
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
!
```
## SW5
```
vlan 70
name SERVERS
vlan 80
name GUESTS
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Vlan70
ip address 10.0.7.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Vlan80
ip address 10.0.8.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 70
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 80
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
switchport mode trunk
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
switchport mode trunk
!
spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
!
access-list 100 permit tcp any any eq 22
!
line vty 0 15
transport input ssh
login local
access-class 100 in
!
```
## PC1、PC2、PC5、PC6
在这四台PC上配置IP地址即可,例如:
PC1:
```
IP Address: 192.168.1.3
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
```
## PC3、PC4、PC7
这三台PC需要在DHCP服务器上获取IP地址,例如:
PC3:
```
IP Address: 10.0.4.11
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 10.0.4.1
```
PC4:
```
IP Address: 10.0.7.11
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 10.0.7.1
```
PC7:
```
IP Address: 10.0.8.11
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 10.0.8.1
```
注意,DHCP服务器的配置在R2的配置中已经给出。
编写一个涵盖ospf协议、rip协议、 stp技术, acl技术,vlan的划分,ipv6的配置,eigrp协议, dhcp技术,nat技术, aaa技术,请把此拓扑图将两个左侧pc机连接一个左侧二层交换机,另外两个左侧pc机连接一个左侧二层交换机 ,两个左侧二层交换机与一个左侧三层交换机连接, 左侧三层交换机与左侧路由器连接,左侧路由器与中间路由器连接,中间的路由器与右侧路由器连接,右侧路由器连接一个右侧三层交换机,右侧三层交换机连接两个右侧二层交换机,两个右侧二层交换机各连接两个右侧pc机,配置每个接口的地址,写出该地址的地址表,必须实现不同协议的交叉互通,及所有设备进行SSH登录,还要体现二、三层的安全保护,请写出每条技术的配置命令
拓扑图如下:
```
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
| Left SW1 | | Right SW1 |
| | | |
| Fa0/1 Fa0/2 +--------------------+ Fa0/1 Fa0/2 |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
| |
| |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
| Left SW2 | | Right SW2 |
| | | |
| Fa0/1 Fa0/2 +--------------------+ Fa0/1 Fa0/2 |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
| |
| |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
| Left L3 SW | | Right L3 SW |
| | | |
| Fa0/1 Fa0/2 +--------------------+ Fa0/1 Fa0/2 |
| | +-----------+ | |
| +-----+ Left Router+---+ |
| Gi0/1 +-----------+ | Gi0/1 |
+-------------------+ +-------------------+
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
+-----------+ +-----------+
|Middle RTR | |Right Router|
| | | |
|Gi0/0 Gi0/1+-----------------+Gi0/0 |
+-----------+ +-----------+
```
以下是每个技术的配置命令:
1. OSPF协议
左侧L3交换机:
```
router ospf 1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
```
右侧L3交换机:
```
router ospf 1
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
```
2. RIP协议
左侧L3交换机:
```
router rip
network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.2.0
```
右侧L3交换机:
```
router rip
network 172.16.1.0
network 172.16.2.0
```
3. STP技术
所有二层交换机默认开启STP,无需额外配置。
4. ACL技术
左侧L3交换机:
```
access-list 101 permit tcp any host 192.168.1.2 eq 22
access-list 101 permit tcp any host 192.168.2.2 eq 22
interface fa0/1
ip access-group 101 in
```
右侧L3交换机:
```
access-list 102 permit tcp any host 172.16.1.2 eq 22
access-list 102 permit tcp any host 172.16.2.2 eq 22
interface fa0/1
ip access-group 102 in
```
5. VLAN的划分
左侧SW1:
```
vlan 10
name Left_PC_VLAN
vlan 20
name Left_L3SW_VLAN
interface fa0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 10
interface fa0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
```
左侧SW2:
```
vlan 30
name Right_PC_VLAN
vlan 40
name Right_L3SW_VLAN
interface fa0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 30
interface fa0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 40
```
左侧L3交换机:
```
vlan 10
name Left_PC_VLAN
vlan 20
name Left_L3SW_VLAN
vlan 30
name Right_PC_VLAN
vlan 40
name Right_L3SW_VLAN
interface fa0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
interface fa0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 40
interface gi0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 20
interface gi0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 40
```
右侧SW1:
```
vlan 50
name Right_SW1_VLAN
vlan 60
name Right_SW2_VLAN
interface fa0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 50
interface fa0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 60
```
右侧SW2:
```
vlan 70
name Right_PC_VLAN
vlan 80
name Right_L3SW_VLAN
interface fa0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 70
interface fa0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 80
```
右侧L3交换机:
```
vlan 50
name Right_SW1_VLAN
vlan 60
name Right_SW2_VLAN
vlan 70
name Right_PC_VLAN
vlan 80
name Right_L3SW_VLAN
interface fa0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 50
interface fa0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 60
interface gi0/1
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 70
interface gi0/2
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 80
```
6. IPv6的配置
左侧L3交换机:
```
ipv6 unicast-routing
interface fa0/1
ipv6 address 2001:db8:1::1/64
interface fa0/2
ipv6 address 2001:db8:2::1/64
```
右侧L3交换机:
```
ipv6 unicast-routing
interface fa0/1
ipv6 address 2001:db8:3::1/64
interface fa0/2
ipv6 address 2001:db8:4::1/64
```
7. EIGRP协议
左侧L3交换机:
```
router eigrp 1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
```
右侧L3交换机:
```
router eigrp 1
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255
```
8. DHCP技术
左侧L3交换机:
```
ip dhcp pool Left_PC_Pool
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.1.1
dns-server 8.8.8.8
ip dhcp pool Right_PC_Pool
network 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 172.16.1.1
dns-server 8.8.8.8
```
9. NAT技术
左侧路由器:
```
interface gi0/0
ip nat outside
interface gi0/1
ip nat inside
ip access-list standard NAT_ACL
permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
permit 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
ip nat inside source list NAT_ACL interface gi0/0 overload
```
右侧路由器:
```
interface gi0/0
ip nat outside
interface gi0/1
ip nat inside
ip access-list standard NAT_ACL
permit 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
permit 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255
ip nat inside source list NAT_ACL interface gi0/0 overload
```
10. AAA技术
所有设备都需要进行以下配置:
```
aaa new-model
aaa authentication login default local
username admin secret 0 password
line vty 0 15
login authentication default
transport input ssh
```
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