c++分治实现平面凸包问题
时间: 2023-08-17 19:50:20 浏览: 118
要使用分治算法来解决平面凸包问题,可以按照以下步骤进行:
1. 将给定的点集按照 x 坐标进行排序,如果 x 坐标相同,则按照 y 坐标排序。
2. 将点集分成两个子集,每个子集包含大约一半的点。可以选择一个 x 坐标值作为分割线,将点集分成左右两个子集,或者选择中间的点作为分割线。
3. 对左右两个子集分别进行递归处理,得到左右两个子集的凸包。
4. 合并左右两个子集的凸包,得到整个点集的凸包。
在每一次递归中,可以使用 Graham 扫描算法或者快速凸包算法来求解子集的凸包。
以下是一个用 C++ 实现的示例代码:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct Point {
int x, y;
};
// 按照 x 坐标进行排序,如果 x 坐标相同,则按照 y 坐标排序
bool compareX(Point p1, Point p2) {
if (p1.x == p2.x)
return p1.y < p2.y;
return p1.x < p2.x;
}
// 按照极角排序,极角相同则按照距离原点的距离排序
bool compareAngle(Point p1, Point p2) {
int cross = (p1.x - p[0].x) * (p2.y - p[0].y) - (p2.x - p[0].x) * (p1.y - p[0].y);
if (cross == 0)
return (p1.x - p[0].x) * (p1.x - p[0].x) + (p1.y - p[0].y) * (p1.y - p[0].y) < (p2.x - p[0].x) * (p2.x - p[0].x) + (p2.y - p[0].y) * (p2.y - p[0].y);
return cross > 0;
}
// 计算凸包
vector<Point> convexHull(vector<Point>& points, int left, int right) {
if (left == right) {
vector<Point> hull;
hull.push_back(points[left]);
return hull;
}
int mid = (left + right) / 2;
vector<Point> hullLeft = convexHull(points, left, mid);
vector<Point> hullRight = convexHull(points, mid + 1, right);
int sizeLeft = hullLeft.size();
int sizeRight = hullRight.size();
// 合并左右凸包
int leftmost = 0, rightmost = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < sizeLeft; i++) {
if (hullLeft[i].x < hullLeft[leftmost].x)
leftmost = i;
}
for (int i = 1; i < sizeRight; i++) {
if (hullRight[i].x > hullRight[rightmost].x)
rightmost = i;
}
int lowerLeft = leftmost, lowerRight = rightmost;
while (true) {
int newLowerLeft = (lowerLeft + sizeLeft - 1) % sizeLeft;
int cross = (hullLeft[lowerLeft].x - hullLeft[newLowerLeft].x) * (hullRight[lowerRight].y - hullLeft[newLowerLeft].y) - (hullRight[lowerRight].x - hullLeft[newLowerLeft].x) * (hullLeft[lowerLeft].y - hullLeft[newLowerLeft].y);
if (cross < 0)
break;
lowerLeft = newLowerLeft;
}
while (true) {
int newLowerRight = (lowerRight + 1) % sizeRight;
int cross = (hullRight[lowerRight].x - hullLeft[lowerLeft].x) * (hullRight[newLowerRight].y - hullLeft[lowerLeft].y) - (hullRight[newLowerRight].x - hullLeft[lowerLeft].x) * (hullRight[lowerRight].y - hullLeft[lowerLeft].y);
if (cross < 0)
break;
lowerRight = newLowerRight;
}
vector<Point> hull;
int current = lowerLeft;
while (current != lowerRight) {
hull.push_back(hullLeft[current]);
current = (current + 1) % sizeLeft;
}
hull.push_back(hullLeft[current]);
current = lowerRight;
while (current != lowerLeft) {
hull.push_back(hullRight[current]);
current = (current + 1) % sizeRight;
}
hull.push_back(hullRight[current]);
return hull;
}
vector<Point> convexHull(vector<Point>& points) {
int n = points.size();
if (n < 3) {
return points;
}
sort(points.begin(), points.end(), compareX);
return convexHull(points, 0, n - 1);
}
int main() {
vector<Point> points = { {0, 3}, {1, 1}, {2, 2}, {4, 4}, {0, 0}, {1, 2}, {3, 1}, {3, 3} };
vector<Point> hull = convexHull(points);
for (int i = 0; i < hull.size(); i++) {
cout << "(" << hull[i].x << ", " << hull[i].y << ")" << endl;
}
return 0;
}
```
这段代码使用分治算法来解决平面凸包问题,其中 `convexHull` 函数实现了分治过程,`compareX` 和 `compareAngle` 函数用于排序,`main` 函数中的示例展示了如何使用该函数来求解平面凸包问题。你可以将自己的点集替换到 `points` 数组中进行测试。
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