Authenticated Encryption

Authenticated Encryption（认证加密）是一种加密方式，它不仅可以保护数据的机密性，还可以保证数据的完整性和真实性。在加密过程中，除了对明文进行加密外，还会对明文进行认证，以确保数据在传输过程中没有被篡改或伪造。

常见的Authenticated Encryption算法包括GCM（Galois/Counter Mode）、CCM（Counter with CBC-MAC）、EAX（Encrypt-then-Authenticate-then-Xor）等。

相关问题

Unauthenticated_Paring_with_Encryption；

这似乎不是一个完整的问题，而是一个术语或短语。如果你能提供更多的上下文和信息，我会尽力回答你的问题。

但是，根据这个术语的字面意思，它可能指的是一种蓝牙设备之间的身份验证和加密方法。在这种方法中，设备之间可以进行配对，但没有进行身份验证，同时使用加密进行通信。这种方法在安全性方面存在一些风险，因为没有进行身份验证，可能会导致未经授权的设备也能够连接并进行通信。因此，建议使用更安全的配对方法，例如“Authenticated Paring with Encryption”（带有身份验证和加密的配对）。

padding Oracle attack

Padding Oracle attack is a type of cryptographic attack that exploits the behavior of cryptographic systems using block ciphers with padding. The attack allows an attacker to decrypt the contents of encrypted data by sending specially crafted ciphertexts to a server that uses the encryption algorithm.

The attack works by exploiting the server's ability to detect whether a ciphertext is properly padded or not. Padding is commonly used in block ciphers to ensure that the input block is a fixed length. If the padding is incorrect, the server will reject the ciphertext and return an error message. However, by analyzing the error messages, an attacker can infer information about the plaintext and eventually decrypt it.

To carry out the attack, the attacker sends many modified ciphertexts to the server, each with a different block of the ciphertext modified. By analyzing the responses from the server, the attacker can determine whether the modified block of ciphertext was properly padded or not. This information can be used to gradually determine the value of each byte of the plaintext.

Padding Oracle attack is a serious threat to many cryptographic systems that use block ciphers with padding. To prevent this attack, it is important to use authenticated encryption modes, such as AES-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305, that provide both encryption and authentication of the ciphertext. Additionally, servers should be configured to return a generic error message, rather than specific error messages that reveal information about the encryption process.