dns forward
时间: 2023-11-06 12:03:03 浏览: 306
DNS的正向解析(Forward)是指将主机名转换为IP地址的过程。当我们在浏览器中输入一个网址时,比如www.example.com,浏览器会向本地DNS服务器发送一个查询请求,要求将该域名解析为对应的IP地址。
DNS服务器会首先查询自己的缓存中是否已经保存了该域名的IP地址,如果有则直接返回给浏览器。如果没有保存,则会向Root DNS服务器发送一个查询请求。
Root DNS服务器是整个DNS系统的顶级服务器,它保存了所有顶级域名(如.com、.net)的DNS信息。当Root DNS服务器收到查询请求后,它会根据域名后缀(如.com)返回对应的顶级域名服务器的地址。
顶级域名服务器收到查询请求后,会根据次级域名(如example.com)返回该域名对应的权威域名服务器的地址。
权威域名服务器是负责管理特定域名的DNS服务器,它会根据查询请求返回该域名对应的IP地址。
当本地DNS服务器收到来自权威域名服务器的响应后,会将IP地址保存至缓存,并将查询结果返回给浏览器。
这样,浏览器就得到了www.example.com对应的IP地址,可以使用该地址进行网络通信,最终访问到所需的网页内容。正向解析的过程是在浏览器和DNS服务器之间进行的,并且会涉及多级DNS服务器的协作与查询,直到找到所需的IP地址为止。
相关问题
请翻译:202.192.1.5 is making SMTP connections which indicate that it is misconfigured. Some elements of your existing configuration create message characteristics identical to previously identified spam messages. Please align the mail erver's HELO/EHLO 'icoremail.net' with proper DNS (forward and reverse) values for a mail server. Here is an example: Correct HELO/DNS/rDNS alignment for domain example.com: - Mail server HELO: mail.example.com - Mail server IP: 192.0.2.12 - Forward DNS: mail.example.com -> 192.0.2.12 - Reverse DNS: 192.0.2.12 -> mail.example.com Correcting an invalid HELO or a HELO/forward DNS lookup mismatch will stop the IP from being listed again. Points to consider: * Alignment: it is strongly recommended that the forward DNS lookup (domain name to IP address) and rDNS (IP to domain) of your IP should match the HELO value set in your server, if possible * The IP and the HELO value should both have forward and rDNS, and should resolve in public DNS * Ensure that the domain used in HELO actually exists! Additional points: * According to RFC, the HELO must be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN): "hostname.example.com" is an FQDN and "example.com" is not an FQDN. * The domain used should belong to your organisation. * HELO is commonly a server setting, not DNS. Contact your hosting provider for assistance if needed. You can test a server's HELO configuration by sending an email from it to helocheck@abuseat.org. A bounce that contains the required information will be returned immediately. It will look like an error, it is not. Please examine the contents of this email. If all settings are correct, you have a different problem, probably malware/spambot. Again, the HELO we are seeing is 'icoremail.net'. The last detection was at 2023-05-27 13:35:00 (UTC). For information on misconfigured or hacked SMTP servers and networks, please see this FAQ: https://www.spamhaus.org/faq/section/Hacked...%20Here's%20help#539 CSS listings expire a few days after last detection. You can always open a ticket (or update an existing one) to inform us when and how the situation was been secured.
202.192.1.5正在建立SMTP连接,表明其配置不正确。您现有的一些配置元素创建与先前识别的垃圾邮件相同的消息特征。请将邮件服务器的HELO/EHLO“icoremail.net”与邮件服务器的适当DNS(正向和反向)值对齐。以下是一个示例:域示例.com的正确HELO/DNS/rDNS对齐方式:-邮件服务器HELO:mail.example.com-邮件服务器IP:192.0.2.12-正向DNS:mail.example.com->192.0.2.12-反向DNS:192.0.2.12->mail.example.com。更正无效的HELO或HELO/正向DNS查找不匹配将停止该IP再次被列出。需要考虑的要点:*对齐:强烈建议您的IP的正向DNS查找(域名到IP地址)和rDNS(IP到域)应与服务器中设置的HELO值匹配,如果可能的话。* IP和HELO值都应具有正向和反向DNS,并且应在公共DNS中解析。*确保在HELO中使用的域实际存在!附加要点:*根据RFC,HELO必须是完全限定域名(FQDN):“hostname.example.com”是FQDN,“example.com”不是FQDN。*使用的域应属于您的组织。*HELO通常是服务器设置,而不是DNS。如有需要,请联系您的托管提供商寻求帮助。您可以通过向helocheck@abuseat.org发送电子邮件来测试服务器的HELO配置。将立即返回包含所需信息的反弹。它看起来像一个错误,但它不是。请检查此电子邮件的内容。如果所有设置都正确,则您可能有不同的问题,可能是恶意软件/垃圾邮件机器人。再次看到的HELO是“icoremail.net”。最后一次检测是在2023年5月27日13:35:00(UTC)。有关配置不正确或被黑客攻击的SMTP服务器和网络的信息,请参见此FAQ:https://www.spamhaus.org/faq/section/Hacked...%20Here's%20help#539。CSS列表在最后检测几天后过期。您始终可以打开一个工单(或更新现有工单),以告知我们何时以及如何安全地解决了该情况。
如何进行forward DNS lookup (domain name to IP address) and rDNS (IP to domain) 进行HELO的查找
要进行forward DNS lookup,可以使用命令行工具如nslookup或dig。例如,要查找域名example.com的IP地址,可以在命令行中输入:
```
nslookup example.com
```
或者
```
dig example.com
```
要进行rDNS,也可以使用nslookup或dig。例如,要查找IP地址为192.168.1.1的主机名,可以在命令行中输入:
```
nslookup 192.168.1.1
```
或者
```
dig -x 192.168.1.1
```
在进行HELO查找时,您需要使用telnet客户端连接到目标主机并发送HELO命令。例如,要查找smtp.example.com的HELO响应,可以在命令行中输入:
```
telnet smtp.example.com 25
```
然后发送HELO命令:
```
HELO example.com
```
服务器应该会回复一个包含其名称的响应。
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