设计一c语言程序,要求能够查询学生的成绩、 计算平均成绩和总学分、按照总学分排序。 分析: 程序的基本功能: 1、成绩的输入(存入文件); 2、成绩的查询(按学号): 3、计算平均成绩和总学分; 4、按总学分排序; 5、查询结果的输出。
时间: 2024-09-18 16:18:34 浏览: 55
设计一个简单的 C 语言程序来实现上述功能,我们可以创建一个包含学生信息的数据结构,然后使用文件操作来存储和读取数据。这里是一个简化的示例:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
typedef struct {
int student_id;
float scores[3]; // 假设每个学生有三门课程的成绩
int total_credits; // 总学分
} Student;
void input_scores(Student* students, int num_students, FILE* file) {
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; ++i) {
if (fscanf(file, "%d %f %f %f", &students[i].student_id, students[i].scores, students[i].scores + 1, students[i].scores + 2) != 4) {
printf("Invalid data for student %d\n", i);
}
students[i].total_credits = 3; // 假定每门课1学分
}
}
float calculate_average_score(Student* student) {
float sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
sum += student->scores[i];
}
return sum / 3;
}
void sort_students_by_total_credits(Student* students, int num_students) {
qsort(students, num_students, sizeof(Student), compare_students_by_total_credits);
}
// 比较函数,用于排序
int compare_students_by_total_credits(const void* a, const void* b) {
const Student* studentA = a;
const Student* studentB = b;
return studentB->total_credits - studentA->total_credits;
}
void query_and_output(Student* students, int num_students) {
int search_id;
printf("Enter student ID to query their scores and total credits: ");
scanf("%d", &search_id);
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; ++i) {
if (students[i].student_id == search_id) {
float average = calculate_average_score(&students[i]);
printf("Student %d: Average score: %.2f, Total credits: %d\n", search_id, average, students[i].total_credits);
break;
}
}
printf("Sorted by total credits:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_students; ++i) {
printf("%d: Average score: %.2f, Total credits: %d\n", students[i].student_id, calculate_average_score(&students[i]), students[i].total_credits);
}
}
int main() {
const int MAX_STUDENTS = 10;
Student students[MAX_STUDENTS];
FILE* file = fopen("scores.txt", "w+"); // 文件初始化用于写入成绩
if (!file) {
perror("Failed to open scores file");
return 1;
}
int num_students = input_scores(students, MAX_STUDENTS, file); // 输入成绩
fclose(file);
// ...其他功能实现...
return 0;
}
```
在这个程序中,我们首先定义了一个 `Student` 结构体,包含了学生ID、成绩数组和总学分。接着,我们编写了几个函数来处理输入成绩、计算平均分数、排序以及查询和输出结果。
请注意,这只是一个简化版本的示例,实际应用中可能需要更完善的错误处理机制,并且文件操作可能会更复杂,例如使用二进制模式以节省空间。
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