强化学习机器人走迷宫
时间: 2023-12-01 12:43:47 浏览: 255
强化学习机器人走迷宫是一个经典的强化学习问题。在这个问题中,机器人需要在一个迷宫中找到出口。机器人可以采取不同的动作,例如向上、向下、向左或向右移动。机器人的目标是找到迷宫的出口,并且在此过程中最小化花费的步数。
为了实现这个问题,我们可以使用 Python 中的强化学习库,例如 OpenAI Gym 或者 PyTorch。我们需要定义一个 Robot 类,这个类将会实现机器人的移动和学习函数。在学习函数中,我们需要实现强化学习算法,例如 Q-learning 或者 Deep Q-Networks(DQN)算法。
在实现机器人走迷宫的过程中,我们需要使用迷宫类 Maze 来随机生成一个迷宫。我们可以使用基础搜索算法或者 DQN 算法来训练机器人。在基础搜索算法中,我们可以使用广度优先搜索(BFS)或深度优先搜索(DFS)算法来搜索迷宫。在 DQN 算法中,我们需要使用神经网络来估计每个动作的 Q 值,并且使用经验回放和目标网络来训练神经网络。
以下是一个基于 PyTorch 和 DQN 算法的机器人走迷宫的示例代码:
```python
import os
import random
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.nn.functional as F
from collections import deque
from maze import Maze
class DQNAgent:
def __init__(self, state_size, action_size):
self.state_size = state_size
self.action_size = action_size
self.memory = deque(maxlen=2000)
self.gamma = 0.95
self.epsilon = 1.0
self.epsilon_min = 0.01
self.epsilon_decay = 0.995
self.learning_rate = 0.001
self.model = self._build_model()
def _build_model(self):
model = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(self.state_size, 64),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(64, 64),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(64, self.action_size)
)
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=self.learning_rate)
model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer=optimizer)
return model
def remember(self, state, action, reward, next_state, done):
self.memory.append((state, action, reward, next_state, done))
def act(self, state):
if np.random.rand() <= self.epsilon:
return random.randrange(self.action_size)
else:
return np.argmax(self.model.predict(state))
def replay(self, batch_size):
minibatch = random.sample(self.memory, batch_size)
for state, action, reward, next_state, done in minibatch:
target = reward
if not done:
target = (reward + self.gamma *
np.amax(self.model.predict(next_state)[0]))
target_f = self.model.predict(state)
target_f[0][action] = target
self.model.fit(state, target_f, epochs=1, verbose=0)
if self.epsilon > self.epsilon_min:
self.epsilon *= self.epsilon_decay
class Robot:
def __init__(self, maze_size):
self.maze = Maze(maze_size=maze_size)
self.state_size = 2
self.action_size = 4
self.agent = DQNAgent(self.state_size, self.action_size)
def run(self, episodes):
for e in range(episodes):
state = self.maze.reset()
state = np.reshape(state, [1, self.state_size])
done = False
i = 0
while not done:
action = self.agent.act(state)
next_state, reward, done = self.maze.step(action)
next_state = np.reshape(next_state, [1, self.state_size])
self.agent.remember(state, action, reward, next_state, done)
state = next_state
i += 1
print("episode: {}/{}, steps: {}"
.format(e, episodes, i))
if len(self.agent.memory) > 32:
self.agent.replay(32)
robot = Robot(maze_size=10)
robot.run(episodes=1000)
```
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