ubuntu18.04安装vtk8.2.0

### 回答1：
1. 首先，打开终端，输入以下命令更新软件包列表：

sudo apt-get update

2. 安装VTK 8.2.的依赖库：

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake python-dev python-numpy libqt4-dev libvtk6-dev libvtk6-qt-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev 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libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk6.3-dev libvtk6.3-qt-dev libvtk

### 回答2：
在ubuntu18.04系统上安装vtk8.2.0，可以分为以下几步：

1. 安装依赖库
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake python-dev python-numpy libqt4-dev libqt4-opengl-dev libglew-dev libvtk6-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev libopenni2-dev

2. 下载vtk8.2.0的源码包
在vtk的官网上找到vtk8.2.0的源码包进行下载，下载好后解压到一个文件夹中。

3. 编译vtk8.2.0
cd vtk8.2.0
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make -j4
sudo make install

4. 配置vtk
sudo ldconfig
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/vtk/libvtkRenderingPythonTkWidgets-8.2.so /usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/vtk/libvtkRenderingPythonTkWidgets-8.2.so /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/vtk /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/

5. 测试vtk
在终端输入python，在python环境下输入以下代码：

import vtk
cone = vtk.vtkConeSource()
cone.SetHeight(3.0)
cone.SetRadius(1.0)
cone.SetResolution(10)
coneMapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
coneMapper.SetInputConnection(cone.GetOutputPort())
coneActor = vtk.vtkActor()
coneActor.SetMapper(coneMapper)
renderer = vtk.vtkRenderer()
renderer.AddActor(coneActor)
renderer.SetBackground(0.1, 0.2, 0.4)
renWin = vtk.vtkRenderWindow()
renWin.AddRenderer(renderer)
renWin.SetSize(300, 300)
iren = vtk.vtkRenderWindowInteractor()
iren.SetRenderWindow(renWin)
iren.Initialize()
renWin.Render()
iren.Start()

如果能够成功运行，证明vtk已经成功安装。

注意事项：
1. 在安装vtk前，需要安装好python及相关库。
2. 在编译vtk时，需要注意编译选项是否正确。
3. 配置vtk时，需要注意路径是否正确。
4. 如果出现问题，可以在vtk的官网上查看相关文档，或在社区寻求帮助。

### 回答3：
VTK（Visualization Toolkit）是一款用于3D可视化的开源软件，它支持多种数据类型和格式，并可在多种平台上运行。Ubuntu18.04是一款免费的开源操作系统，它采用了Linux内核，可在各种硬件上运行，因此成为很多科学计算和数据可视化工具的首选系统。本文将介绍如何在Ubuntu18.04上安装VTK8.2.0。

1. 在Ubuntu18.04上安装必要的依赖包

在终端中输入以下命令，安装必要的依赖软件包：

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake python-dev python-numpy

2. 下载VTK8.2.0源码

在终端中输入以下命令，下载VTK8.2.0源码压缩包：

wget https://www.vtk.org/files/release/8.2/VTK-8.2.0.tar.gz

3. 解压源码包并创建构建目录

在终端中输入以下命令，解压源码包并创建构建目录：

tar -xvzf VTK-8.2.0.tar.gz
cd VTK-8.2.0
mkdir build
cd build

4. 配置编译选项

在构建目录下使用cmake进行配置和编译：

cmake \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release \
-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS:BOOL=ON \
-DVTK_WRAP_PYTHON:BOOL=ON \
-DVTK_PYTHON_VERSION:STRING=2 \
-DVTK_USE_X:BOOL=OFF \
-DVTK_USE_GUISUPPORT:BOOL=ON \
-DVTK_USE_QVTK:BOOL=ON \
-DVTK_USE_QT:BOOL=ON ..

其中，编译选项包括：

-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE：编译类型，Release表示编译发布版，Debug则表示编译调试版。

-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS：是否构建共享库。

-DVTK_WRAP_PYTHON：是否编译Python接口。

-DVTK_PYTHON_VERSION：Python版本。

-DVTK_USE_X：是否使用X-window系统。

-DVTK_USE_GUISUPPORT：是否使用GUI支持。

-DVTK_USE_QVTK：是否使用Qt VTK。

-DVTK_USE_QT：是否使用Qt。

5. 编译和安装

在构建目录中使用make命令进行编译，然后使用sudo make install命令进行安装：

make -j4
sudo make install

6. 检查安装结果

在终端中输入python，进入Python交互模式。输入以下命令：

import vtk
print(vtk.vtkVersion.GetVTKVersion())

如果显示版本号为8.2.0，则表示VTK8.2.0已经成功安装。

至此，VTK8.2.0在Ubuntu18.04上的安装完成。可以在Python中使用VTK库进行3D可视化编程，并可运用VTK的各种功能和算法，处理不同类型和格式的数据文件。