1.简答题 完成循环队列的相关操作 【循环队列] 1、设置队列的容量为5 2、将a,b,c,d,e依次入队 3、进行三次出队操作,要求输出队元素 4、输出当前队列中的所有元素
时间: 2024-10-13 08:02:18 浏览: 32
【循环队列】的操作步骤如下:
1. **初始化**:假设我们创建了一个大小为5的循环队列,数组表示为`Q[0..4]`,队头`front`指向第一个元素的位置,队尾`rear`初始为-1(因为是空队列)。
```python
Q = [None, None, None, None, None]
front = -1
rear = -1
```
2. **入队**:从` rear % capacity`位置开始存储新元素。这里,当` rear == capacity - 1`时,表示满队,需要移动队头指针,然后继续。
```python
for item in ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']:
if rear == capacity - 1:
front = (front + 1) % capacity # 移动队头
Q[(rear + 1) % capacity] = item
rear = (rear + 1) % capacity
```
此时,`front`可能是0(如果是初始状态),也可能为4,取决于入队顺序。
3. **出队**:每次出队时,先检查队是否为空,然后更新队头指针,并返回出队元素。
```python
while rear != front: # 队列非空
if front == (rear - 1) % capacity: # 满队时,将队头移回队首
front = 0
output_item = Q[front]
front = (front + 1) % capacity # 移动队头
print(output_item)
# 执行这一步后,如果队列还剩元素,front会指向最后一个元素
```
4. **查看当前队列元素**:由于循环队列的特点,我们可以在任何时候查看队列,包括剩余的元素。队尾到队头(或队头到队尾)的所有元素都是当前队列内容。
```python
if rear == front: # 如果队列已空,则无元素可输出
print("队列已空")
else:
for i in range((rear - front + 1) % capacity):
print(Q[front], end=' ')
front = (front + 1) % capacity
```
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