Error in xgb.DMatrix(data = as.matrix(train[, -c(1, 2)]), label = train$U) : 'data' has class 'character' and length 4510. 'data' accepts either a numeric matrix or a single filename.

这个错误的原因是你传递给 `xgb.DMatrix` 函数的数据类型不正确。你需要将数据转换为数值型矩阵，或者将数据保存在文件中并传递文件名。

如果你的数据包含字符型变量，需要将其转换为数值型变量。你可以使用 `as.numeric()` 函数将其转换为数值型变量，或者使用 `factor()` 函数将其转换为因子型变量。

例如，假设你的数据集中包含一个字符型变量 `var1`，你可以使用以下代码将其转换为数值型变量：

train$var1 <- as.numeric(train$var1)

或者使用以下代码将其转换为因子型变量：

train$var1 <- factor(train$var1)

另外，如果你的数据集较大，可以将其保存在文件中并传递文件名。例如：

write.csv(train, "train.csv", row.names = FALSE)
dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix("train.csv")

这样可以避免将整个数据集保存在内存中，减少内存消耗。

相关问题

We have seen the cars2018.csv data in the 'Example: Fuel Consumption' Lecture Task 1: Install {keras} (and Tenserflow) on your computer. Make sure its linkage with Python libary is also established. (It is one of the key steps for this assignment. It may take some time if you have not get the right library installed. Here is a reference link. https://keras.rstudio.com/reference/install_keras.html) Task 2: Divide the data randomly into 80% training and 20% test, fit a neural network model on fuel consumption (mpg) with one hidden dense layer. Choose the number of hidden units, and select the right activation function and modelling parameters. Task 3: Fit another neural network with 2 hidden dense layers, i.e. stack another hidden layer on top of the pervious neural net. Choose the number of the hidden units for the second layer. Compare the results with output from Task 2. Task 4: Compare the model performance with the model discussed in the lecture, i.e. the lasso, rpart, random forest, and xgboost models. Task 5: Change the response variable from mpg to Liters/KM (i.e. 235.15/mpg), and re-fit a neural network model. Compare performance as in Task 4.请你提供这个题目的task4的代码

好的，以下是Task 4的代码，包括了Lasso、rpart、随机森林和xgboost模型的训练和评估：

library(caret)
library(mlbench)
library(glmnet)
library(rpart)
library(randomForest)
library(xgboost)

# Load data
data("cars2018")

# Task 2 - Fit a neural network model with one hidden layer
set.seed(123)
train_index <- createDataPartition(cars2018$mpg, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
train_data <- cars2018[train_index, ]
test_data <- cars2018[-train_index, ]

model1 <- keras_model_sequential() %>%
  layer_dense(units = 10, activation = "relu", input_shape = ncol(train_data) - 1) %>%
  layer_dense(units = 1)

compile(model1, optimizer = "adam", loss = "mean_squared_error", metrics = "mean_squared_error")

history1 <- fit(model1, as.matrix(train_data[, -1]), train_data$mpg, epochs = 50, batch_size = 32,
                validation_split = 0.2, verbose = 0)

plot(history1)

# Task 3 - Fit a neural network model with two hidden layers
model2 <- keras_model_sequential() %>%
  layer_dense(units = 10, activation = "relu", input_shape = ncol(train_data) - 1) %>%
  layer_dense(units = 5, activation = "relu") %>%
  layer_dense(units = 1)

compile(model2, optimizer = "adam", loss = "mean_squared_error", metrics = "mean_squared_error")

history2 <- fit(model2, as.matrix(train_data[, -1]), train_data$mpg, epochs = 50, batch_size = 32,
                validation_split = 0.2, verbose = 0)

plot(history2)

# Task 4 - Compare the model performance with other models
# Lasso model
set.seed(123)
train_index <- createDataPartition(cars2018$mpg, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
train_data <- cars2018[train_index, ]
test_data <- cars2018[-train_index, ]

glmnet_fit <- cv.glmnet(as.matrix(train_data[, -1]), train_data$mpg, alpha = 1, nfolds = 10)

lasso_pred <- predict(glmnet_fit, newx = as.matrix(test_data[, -1]), s = "lambda.min")

lasso_mse <- mean((lasso_pred - test_data$mpg) ^ 2)
lasso_mae <- mean(abs(lasso_pred - test_data$mpg))

# rpart model
set.seed(123)
train_index <- createDataPartition(cars2018$mpg, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
train_data <- cars2018[train_index, ]
test_data <- cars2018[-train_index, ]

rpart_fit <- rpart(mpg ~ ., data = train_data, method = "anova")

rpart_pred <- predict(rpart_fit, newdata = test_data)

rpart_mse <- mean((rpart_pred - test_data$mpg) ^ 2)
rpart_mae <- mean(abs(rpart_pred - test_data$mpg))

# Random forest model
set.seed(123)
train_index <- createDataPartition(cars2018$mpg, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
train_data <- cars2018[train_index, ]
test_data <- cars2018[-train_index, ]

rf_fit <- randomForest(mpg ~ ., data = train_data, ntree = 500)

rf_pred <- predict(rf_fit, newdata = test_data)

rf_mse <- mean((rf_pred - test_data$mpg) ^ 2)
rf_mae <- mean(abs(rf_pred - test_data$mpg))

# XGBoost model
set.seed(123)
train_index <- createDataPartition(cars2018$mpg, p = 0.8, list = FALSE)
train_data <- cars2018[train_index, ]
test_data <- cars2018[-train_index, ]

xgb_train <- xgb.DMatrix(data = as.matrix(train_data[, -1]), label = train_data$mpg)
xgb_test <- xgb.DMatrix(data = as.matrix(test_data[, -1]), label = test_data$mpg)

xgb_params <- list(objective = "reg:squarederror", max_depth = 3, eta = 0.1, subsample = 0.5, colsample_bytree = 0.5)

xgb_fit <- xgb.train(params = xgb_params, data = xgb_train, nrounds = 100)

xgb_pred <- predict(xgb_fit, newdata = xgb_test)

xgb_mse <- mean((xgb_pred - test_data$mpg) ^ 2)
xgb_mae <- mean(abs(xgb_pred - test_data$mpg))

# Compare model performance
model_mse <- c(lasso_mse, rpart_mse, rf_mse, xgb_mse)
model_mae <- c(lasso_mae, rpart_mae, rf_mae, xgb_mae)

model_perf <- data.frame(Model = c("Lasso", "rpart", "Random Forest", "XGBoost"),
                          MSE = model_mse, MAE = model_mae)

print(model_perf)

以上是Task 4的代码，包括了Lasso、rpart、随机森林和xgboost模型的训练和评估，希望可以帮到你！