class_names = image_datasets['train'].classes

这行代码是用来获取训练集数据的类别名称列表。`image_datasets['train']`返回了训练集的`ImageFolder`对象，而`.classes`则是一个属性，它包含了训练集中所有类别的名称。

通过将训练集的`ImageFolder`对象中的`.classes`属性赋值给`class_names`变量，你可以得到一个存储了训练集类别名称的列表，以便在之后的代码中使用。这样可以方便地查看和操作训练集的类别信息。

相关问题

yolov7train.py详解

yolov7train.py 是使用 YOLOv7 算法进行目标检测的训练脚本。下面对 yolov7train.py 的主要代码进行简单的解释：

1. 导入相关库

import argparse
import yaml
import time

import torch
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets

from models.yolov7 import Model
from utils.datasets import ImageFolder
from utils.general import (
    check_img_size, non_max_suppression, apply_classifier, scale_coords,
    xyxy2xywh, plot_one_box, strip_optimizer, set_logging)
from utils.torch_utils import (
    select_device, time_synchronized, load_classifier, model_info)

这里导入了 argparse 用于解析命令行参数，yaml 用于解析配置文件，time 用于记录时间，torch 用于神经网络训练，DataLoader 用于读取数据集，datasets 和 ImageFolder 用于加载数据集，Model 用于定义 YOLOv7 模型，各种工具函数用于辅助训练。

2. 定义命令行参数

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--data', type=str, default='data.yaml', help='dataset.yaml path')
parser.add_argument('--hyp', type=str, default='hyp.yaml', help='hyperparameters path')
parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=300)
parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=16, help='total batch size for all GPUs')
parser.add_argument('--img-size', nargs='+', type=int, default=[640, 640], help='[train, test] image sizes')
parser.add_argument('--rect', action='store_true', help='rectangular training')
parser.add_argument('--resume', nargs='?', const='yolov7.pt', default=False, help='resume most recent training')
parser.add_argument('--nosave', action='store_true', help='only save final checkpoint')
parser.add_argument('--notest', action='store_true', help='only test final epoch')
parser.add_argument('--evolve', action='store_true', help='evolve hyperparameters')
parser.add_argument('--bucket', type=str, default='', help='gsutil bucket')
opt = parser.parse_args()

这里定义了许多命令行参数，包括数据集路径、超参数路径、训练轮数、批量大小、图片大小、是否使用矩形训练、是否从最近的检查点恢复训练、是否只保存最终的检查点、是否只测试最终的模型、是否进行超参数进化、gsutil 存储桶等。

3. 加载数据集

with open(opt.data) as f:
    data_dict = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)

train_path = data_dict['train']
test_path = data_dict['test']
num_classes = data_dict['nc']
names = data_dict['names']

train_dataset = ImageFolder(train_path, img_size=opt.img_size[0], rect=opt.rect)
test_dataset = ImageFolder(test_path, img_size=opt.img_size[1], rect=True)

batch_size = opt.batch_size
train_dataloader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=8, pin_memory=True, collate_fn=train_dataset.collate_fn)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size * 2, num_workers=8, pin_memory=True, collate_fn=test_dataset.collate_fn)

这里读取了数据集的配置文件，包括训练集、测试集、类别数和类别名称等信息。然后使用 ImageFolder 加载数据集，设置图片大小和是否使用矩形训练。最后使用 DataLoader 加载数据集，并设置批量大小、是否 shuffle、是否使用 pin_memory 等参数。

4. 定义 YOLOv7 模型

model = Model(opt.hyp, num_classes, opt.img_size)
model.nc = num_classes

device = select_device(opt.device, batch_size=batch_size)
model.to(device).train()

criterion = model.loss

optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=hyp['lr0'], momentum=hyp['momentum'], weight_decay=hyp['weight_decay'])

scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.CosineAnnealingWarmRestarts(optimizer, T_0=1, T_mult=2)

start_epoch = 0
best_fitness = 0.0

这里使用 Model 类定义了 YOLOv7 模型，并将其放到指定设备上进行训练。使用交叉熵损失函数作为模型的损失函数，使用 SGD 优化器进行训练，并使用余弦退火学习率调整策略。定义了起始轮数、最佳精度等变量。

5. 开始训练

for epoch in range(start_epoch, opt.epochs):
    model.train()
    mloss = torch.zeros(4).to(device)  # mean losses
    for i, (imgs, targets, paths, _) in enumerate(train_dataloader):
        ni = i + len(train_dataloader) * epoch  # number integrated batches (since train start)
        imgs = imgs.to(device)
        targets = targets.to(device)

        loss, _, _ = model(imgs, targets)
        loss.backward()

        optimizer.step()
        optimizer.zero_grad()

        mloss = (mloss * i + loss.detach().cpu()) / (i + 1)  # update mean losses

        # Print batch results
        if ni % 20 == 0:
            print(f'Epoch {epoch}/{opt.epochs - 1}, Batch {i}/{len(train_dataloader) - 1}, lr={optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"]:.6f}, loss={mloss[0]:.4f}')

    # Update scheduler
    scheduler.step()

    # Update Best fitness
    with torch.no_grad():
        fitness = model_fitness(model)
        if fitness > best_fitness:
            best_fitness = fitness

    # Save checkpoint
    if (not opt.nosave) or (epoch == opt.epochs - 1):
        ckpt = {
            'epoch': epoch,
            'best_fitness': best_fitness,
            'state_dict': model.state_dict(),
            'optimizer': optimizer.state_dict()
        }
        torch.save(ckpt, f'checkpoints/yolov7_epoch{epoch}.pt')

    # Test
    if not opt.notest:
        t = time_synchronized()
        model.eval()
        for j, (imgs, targets, paths, shapes) in enumerate(test_dataloader):
            if j == 0:
                pred = model(imgs.to(device))
                pred = non_max_suppression(pred, conf_thres=0.001, iou_thres=0.6)
            else:
                break

        t1 = time_synchronized()
        if isinstance(pred, int) or isinstance(pred, tuple):
            print(f'Epoch {epoch}/{opt.epochs - 1}, test_loss={mloss[0]:.4f}, test_mAP={0.0}')
        else:
            pred = pred[0].cpu()
            iou_thres = 0.5
            niou = [iou_thres] * num_classes
            ap, p, r = ap_per_class(pred, targets, shapes, iou_thres=niou)
            mp, mr, map50, f1, _, _ = stats(ap, p, r, gt=targets)

            print(f'Epoch {epoch}/{opt.epochs - 1}, test_loss={mloss[0]:.4f}, test_mAP={map50:.2f} ({mr*100:.1f}/{mp*100:.1f})')

            # Plot images
            if epoch == 0 and j == 0:
                for i, det in enumerate(pred):  # detections per image
                    img = cv2.imread(paths[i])  # BGR
                    img = plot_results(img, det, class_names=names)
                    cv2.imwrite(f'runs/test{i}.jpg', img)
                    if i == 3:
                        break

这里进行了多个 epoch 的训练。在每个 epoch 中，对于每个批量的数据，先将数据移动到指定设备上，然后计算模型的损失函数，并进行反向传播和梯度下降。在每个 epoch 结束时，更新学习率调整策略和最佳精度，保存当前的检查点。如果 opt.notest 为 False，则进行测试，并输出测试结果。最后，如果是第一个 epoch，则绘制部分图像用于可视化。

torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10源码

以下是torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10的源码：

import torch.utils.data as data
from PIL import Image
import os
import os.path
import numpy as np
import pickle


class CIFAR10(data.Dataset):
    """`CIFAR10 <https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html>`_ Dataset.

    Args:
        root (string): Root directory of dataset where directory
            ``cifar-10-batches-py`` exists or will be downloaded to if download is set to True.
        train (bool, optional): If True, creates dataset from training set, otherwise
            creates from test set.
        transform (callable, optional): A function/transform that takes in an PIL image
            and returns a transformed version. E.g, ``transforms.RandomCrop``
        target_transform (callable, optional): A function/transform that takes in the
            target and transforms it.

    Returns:
        tuple: (image, target) where target is index of the target class.
    """

    base_folder = 'cifar-10-batches-py'
    url = "https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-10-python.tar.gz"
    filename = "cifar-10-python.tar.gz"
    tgz_md5 = 'c58f30108f718f92721af3b95e74349a'
    train_list = [
        ['data_batch_1', 'c99cafc152244af753f735de768cd75f'],
        ['data_batch_2', 'd4bba439e000b95fd0a9bffe97cbabec'],
        ['data_batch_3', '54ebc095f3ab1f03828d0aae7e51cd9d'],
        ['data_batch_4', '634d18415352ddfa80567beed471001a'],
        ['data_batch_5', '482c414d41f54cd18b22e5b47cb7c3cb'],
    ]

    test_list = [
        ['test_batch', '40351d587109b95175f43aff81a1287e'],
    ]

    def __init__(self, root, train=True,
                 transform=None, target_transform=None,
                 download=False):
        self.root = os.path.expanduser(root)
        self.transform = transform
        self.target_transform = target_transform
        self.train = train  # training set or test set

        if download:
            self.download()

        if not self._check_integrity():
            raise RuntimeError('Dataset not found or corrupted.' +
                               ' You can use download=True to download it')

        if self.train:
            downloaded_list = self.train_list
        else:
            downloaded_list = self.test_list

        self.data = []
        self.targets = []

        # now load the picked numpy arrays
        for file_name, checksum in downloaded_list:
            file_path = os.path.join(self.root, self.base_folder, file_name)
            with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
                if 'meta' in file_name:
                    data_dict = pickle.load(f, encoding='latin1')
                    self.classes = data_dict['label_names']
                else:
                    data_dict = pickle.load(f, encoding='latin1')
                    self.data.append(data_dict['data'])
                    self.targets.extend(data_dict['labels'])

        self.data = np.vstack(self.data).reshape(-1, 3, 32, 32)
        self.data = self.data.transpose((0, 2, 3, 1))  # convert to HWC

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        """
        Args:
            index (int): Index

        Returns:
            tuple: (image, target) where target is index of the target class.
        """
        img, target = self.data[index], self.targets[index]

        # doing this so that it is consistent with all other datasets
        # to return a PIL Image
        img = Image.fromarray(img)

        if self.transform is not None:
            img = self.transform(img)

        if self.target_transform is not None:
            target = self.target_transform(target)

        return img, target

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.data)

    def _check_integrity(self):
        root = self.root
        for fentry in (self.train_list + self.test_list):
            filename, md5 = fentry[0], fentry[1]
            fpath = os.path.join(root, self.base_folder, filename)
            if not check_integrity(fpath, md5):
                return False
        return True

    def download(self):
        import tarfile

        if self._check_integrity():
            print('Files already downloaded and verified')
            return

        download_url(self.url, self.root, self.filename, self.tgz_md5)

        # extract file
        with tarfile.open(os.path.join(self.root, self.filename), "r:gz") as tar:
            tar.extractall(path=self.root)

        print('Done!')


class CIFAR100(CIFAR10):
    """`CIFAR100 <https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html>`_ Dataset.

    This is a subclass of the `CIFAR10` Dataset.
    """

    base_folder = 'cifar-100-python'
    url = "https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-100-python.tar.gz"
    filename = "cifar-100-python.tar.gz"
    tgz_md5 = 'eb9058c3a382ffc7106e4002c42a8d85'
    train_list = [
        ['train', '16019d7e3df5f24257cddd939b257f8d'],
    ]

    test_list = [
        ['test', 'f0ef6b0ae62326f3e7ffdfab6717acfc'],
    ]

    def __init__(self, root, train=True,
                 transform=None, target_transform=None,
                 download=False):
        super(CIFAR100, self).__init__(root, train=train,
                                       transform=transform,
                                       target_transform=target_transform,
                                       download=download)

该代码定义了CIFAR10和CIFAR100数据集的类，这些数据集是用于图像分类任务的标准数据集之一。每个数据集都有一个训练集和一个测试集，每个图像都有一个标签，表示它所属的类别。

这些类继承自torch.utils.data.Dataset类，并实现了__getitem__和__len__方法。它们还提供了下载和检查数据集完整性的方法。

在初始化阶段，数据集从pickle文件中加载数据和标签，并将其存储在self.data和self.targets中。__getitem__方法返回图像和标签的元组，__len__方法返回数据集中图像的数量。