定义person类，私有属性 身份证号码ID，姓名name年龄age，为私有属性添加Getters和setter方法，在Main测试类中对输入进行异常处理

在Python中，我们可以定义一个名为`Person`的类，并将身份证号码、姓名和年龄作为私有属性。为了安全地操作这些属性，我们将创建对应的getters（获取器）和setters（设置器）。同时，我们在主类`Main`中加入异常处理机制，以便在读取或设置私有属性时确保输入的合法性。以下是具体的代码示例：

class Person:
    def __init__(self, _id_number, _name, _age):
        self.__id_number = _id_number
        self.__name = _name
        self.__age = _age

    # Getter and Setter methods for private attributes
    @property
    def id_number(self):
        return self.__id_number

    @id_number.setter
    def id_number(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, str) or len(value) != 18:
            raise ValueError("Invalid ID number format")
        self.__id_number = value

    @property
    def name(self):
        return self.__name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, str):
            raise TypeError("Name must be a string")
        self.__name = value

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self.__age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int) or value < 0 or value > 150:
            raise ValueError("Age should be an integer between 0 and 150")
        self.__age = value


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        person = Person('123456789012345678', "张三", 30)
        print(person.id_number, person.name, person.age)

        # Test invalid inputs
        person.id_number = "123"
        person.name = 123
        person.age = 200
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An error occurred: {str(e)}")