self signed certificate in certificate chain _ssl.c:1125

这个错误信息通常出现在使用SSL/TLS协议进行安全通信的编程中，特别是在Python语言的应用场景下。错误信息 "self signed certificate in certificate chain" 指的是在SSL/TLS握手过程中，服务器发送的证书链中包含了自签名证书，而这个自签名证书并没有被客户端信任的证书颁发机构（CA）签名。

自签名证书是指证书不是由权威的第三方证书颁发机构签发的，而是由证书持有者自己生成并签名的证书。这类证书由于缺乏第三方的验证，因此在安全性上无法得到保证，客户端（如浏览器或应用）通常不会信任这种证书。

具体到Python中的错误 "self signed certificate in certificate chain _ssl.c:1125"，这通常出现在使用Python的requests库或者selenium库等进行HTTPS请求时。这表明在建立SSL连接时，服务器提供的证书链中包含了一个自签名的证书。

解决这个问题的方法有：
1. 忽略这个错误，强制Python继续连接。这可以用于测试或者开发环境中，但绝不能用于生产环境，因为这会降低安全性。
2. 从可信的证书颁发机构购买或获取一个证书，替换掉服务器上的自签名证书。
3. 在客户端添加这个自签名证书到信任证书存储中。

相关问题

SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate in certificate chain

This problem occurs when the SSL certificate presented by the server is not signed by a trusted certificate authority (CA). Instead, it is a self-signed certificate.

This can happen for a variety of reasons. For example, the website owner may have generated their own SSL certificate instead of purchasing one from a trusted CA. Alternatively, the CA that issued the certificate may not be recognized by the web browser being used to access the website.

When a self-signed certificate is encountered, the web browser will display a warning message to the user. The message will indicate that the certificate is not trusted and may be fraudulent. This can cause users to be wary of the website and may discourage them from continuing to use it.

To resolve this problem, website owners should obtain a valid SSL certificate from a trusted CA. This will ensure that users do not encounter any warning messages and can trust that their connection to the website is secure.

curl: (60) SSL certificate problem: self signed certificate in certificate chain

This error occurs when the SSL certificate presented by the server is self-signed or not signed by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA), which means it cannot be verified as a trusted certificate by the client.

To fix this error, you can try the following solutions:

1. Ignore SSL certificate verification: You can use the "-k" or "--insecure" option with the curl command to ignore SSL certificate verification. However, this is not recommended as it can potentially expose your data to security risks.

2. Add the self-signed certificate to the trusted CA list: You can add the self-signed certificate to the trusted CA list on your system or browser. This will allow the certificate to be verified as trusted. However, this is also not recommended as it can potentially expose your data to security risks.

3. Obtain a trusted SSL certificate: The recommended solution is to obtain a trusted SSL certificate from a trusted CA. This will ensure that the SSL certificate can be verified as trusted by the client.

In summary, it is important to ensure that SSL certificates are signed by trusted CAs to ensure secure communication between the client and server.