使用 fopen_s读取一个wav文件并对其求WVD并输出WVD结果不使用库函数C语言并解释代码

首先需要了解一下WVD的概念和计算方法，Wigner-Ville Distribution（WVD）是一种时频分析方法，可以将信号在时域和频域上展开，从而更加全面地理解信号的特性。

下面是一个使用C语言计算WVD的示例代码，该代码读取一个wav文件并对其求WVD，并将结果输出到文件中：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

#define PI 3.14159265358979323846

typedef short sample_t;

int read_wav_file(char* filename, sample_t** data, int* num_samples, int* sample_rate, int* num_channels);
void write_wvd_file(char* filename, double** wvd, int num_samples, int num_freqs, double f0, double df);
void compute_wvd(double** wvd, sample_t* data, int num_samples, int num_freqs, double f0, double df);

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // Check arguments
    if (argc != 3) {
        printf("Usage: %s input.wav output.wvd\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    // Read input file
    sample_t* data;
    int num_samples, sample_rate, num_channels;
    if (!read_wav_file(argv[1], &data, &num_samples, &sample_rate, &num_channels)) {
        printf("Error reading WAV file\n");
        return 1;
    }

    // Compute WVD
    int num_freqs = 1024;
    double f0 = 0;
    double df = (double)sample_rate / num_freqs;
    double** wvd = (double**)malloc(num_samples * sizeof(double*));
    for (int i = 0; i < num_samples; i++) {
        wvd[i] = (double*)malloc(num_freqs * sizeof(double));
    }
    compute_wvd(wvd, data, num_samples, num_freqs, f0, df);

    // Write output file
    write_wvd_file(argv[2], wvd, num_samples, num_freqs, f0, df);

    // Clean up
    for (int i = 0; i < num_samples; i++) {
        free(wvd[i]);
    }
    free(wvd);
    free(data);

    return 0;
}

int read_wav_file(char* filename, sample_t** data, int* num_samples, int* sample_rate, int* num_channels)
{
    FILE* file;
    if (fopen_s(&file, filename, "rb") != 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    // Read WAV header
    char header[44];
    if (fread(header, 1, 44, file) != 44) {
        fclose(file);
        return 0;
    }
    if (memcmp(header, "RIFF", 4) != 0 || memcmp(header + 8, "WAVEfmt ", 8) != 0 || memcmp(header + 36, "data", 4) != 0) {
        fclose(file);
        return 0;
    }

    // Get sample rate and number of channels
    memcpy(sample_rate, header + 24, 4);
    memcpy(num_channels, header + 22, 2);

    // Read data
    int bytes_per_sample = (*num_channels) * 2;
    int num_bytes = *((int*)(header + 40));
    *num_samples = num_bytes / bytes_per_sample;
    *data = (sample_t*)malloc((*num_samples) * sizeof(sample_t));
    if (fread(*data, bytes_per_sample, *num_samples, file) != *num_samples) {
        fclose(file);
        free(*data);
        return 0;
    }

    // Done
    fclose(file);
    return 1;
}

void write_wvd_file(char* filename, double** wvd, int num_samples, int num_freqs, double f0, double df)
{
    FILE* file;
    if (fopen_s(&file, filename, "wb") != 0) {
        return;
    }

    // Write WVD header
    char header[16];
    memcpy(header, "WVD ", 4);
    memcpy(header + 4, &num_samples, 4);
    memcpy(header + 8, &num_freqs, 4);
    memcpy(header + 12, &f0, 8);
    memcpy(header + 20, &df, 8);
    fwrite(header, 1, 28, file);

    // Write WVD data
    for (int i = 0; i < num_samples; i++) {
        fwrite(wvd[i], sizeof(double), num_freqs, file);
    }

    // Done
    fclose(file);
}

void compute_wvd(double** wvd, sample_t* data, int num_samples, int num_freqs, double f0, double df)
{
    // Compute time and frequency grids
    double* t = (double*)malloc(num_samples * sizeof(double));
    double* f = (double*)malloc(num_freqs * sizeof(double));
    for (int i = 0; i < num_samples; i++) {
        t[i] = (double)i / sample_rate;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < num_freqs; i++) {
        f[i] = f0 + i * df;
    }

    // Compute window function
    double* h = (double*)malloc(num_freqs * sizeof(double));
    for (int i = 0; i < num_freqs; i++) {
        double x = M_PI * (f[i] - f0) / df;
        h[i] = sin(x) / x;
    }

    // Compute WVD
    for (int i = 0; i < num_samples; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < num_freqs; j++) {
            double a = 0;
            double b = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < num_samples; k++) {
                double tau = t[k] - t[i];
                double x = 2 * M_PI * f[j] * tau;
                double g = data[k] * data[i + k];
                a += g * cos(x);
                b += g * sin(x);
            }
            wvd[i][j] = (a * a + b * b) * h[j];
        }
    }

    // Clean up
    free(t);
    free(f);
    free(h);
}

代码中大致分为三个部分，分别是读取wav文件、计算WVD和写入输出文件。

在读取wav文件部分，使用fopen_s函数打开文件，然后读取WAV文件头信息并解析出采样率、通道数和数据。这里采用了简单的判断头部信息的方式来检测是否为WAV文件。

在计算WVD部分，首先需要计算时间和频率网格，然后计算一个窗函数，最后使用嵌套的循环计算WVD。这里采用了简单的直接计算方式，而没有使用FFT等优化算法。

在写入输出文件部分，首先写入WVD文件头信息，然后依次写入每个采样时刻的WVD结果。

需要注意的是，在使用完动态分配的内存后需要释放它们，否则会导致内存泄漏。在本示例代码中，使用了malloc函数动态分配了多个数组，在程序结束前需要释放它们。

以上是一个简单的使用C语言计算WVD的示例代码，希望对你有所帮助。