输入关键字序列(16,3,7,11,9,26,18,14,15),给出构造一棵平衡二叉树的过程。要求每插入一个结点都输出该树的括号表示法,以及各结点的平衡因子,如果失去平衡,则给出属于哪一种类型调整,及调整后的情况(输出括号表示法)。输出样式为插入:16 输出平衡二叉树:16 各节点平衡因子为:0。请给我一个c语言代码
时间: 2024-03-04 20:49:29 浏览: 74
好的,下面是一个使用C语言实现的平衡二叉树的代码,可以满足您的需求:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct Node {
int data; // 节点的值
int height; // 节点的高度
struct Node* left; // 左子树
struct Node* right; // 右子树
} Node;
// 计算节点的高度
int height(Node* node) {
if (node == NULL) {
return -1;
} else {
return node->height;
}
}
// 计算节点的平衡因子
int balanceFactor(Node* node) {
if (node == NULL) {
return 0;
} else {
return height(node->left) - height(node->right);
}
}
// 创建新节点
Node* createNode(int data) {
Node* newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
newNode->data = data;
newNode->height = 0;
newNode->left = NULL;
newNode->right = NULL;
return newNode;
}
// 右旋
Node* rotateRight(Node* node) {
Node* leftChild = node->left;
node->left = leftChild->right;
leftChild->right = node;
node->height = 1 + (height(node->left) > height(node->right) ? height(node->left) : height(node->right));
leftChild->height = 1 + (height(leftChild->left) > height(leftChild->right) ? height(leftChild->left) : height(leftChild->right));
return leftChild;
}
// 左旋
Node* rotateLeft(Node* node) {
Node* rightChild = node->right;
node->right = rightChild->left;
rightChild->left = node;
node->height = 1 + (height(node->left) > height(node->right) ? height(node->left) : height(node->right));
rightChild->height = 1 + (height(rightChild->left) > height(rightChild->right) ? height(rightChild->left) : height(rightChild->right));
return rightChild;
}
// 双旋转(左右旋转)
Node* doubleRotateLeftRight(Node* node) {
node->left = rotateLeft(node->left);
return rotateRight(node);
}
// 双旋转(右左旋转)
Node* doubleRotateRightLeft(Node* node) {
node->right = rotateRight(node->right);
return rotateLeft(node);
}
// 插入节点
Node* insert(Node* node, int data) {
if (node == NULL) {
node = createNode(data);
} else if (data < node->data) {
node->left = insert(node->left, data);
if (balanceFactor(node) == 2) { // 左子树高度大于右子树
if (balanceFactor(node->left) == 1) { // LL型
node = rotateRight(node);
} else if (balanceFactor(node->left) == -1) { // LR型
node = doubleRotateLeftRight(node);
}
}
} else if (data > node->data) {
node->right = insert(node->right, data);
if (balanceFactor(node) == -2) { // 右子树高度大于左子树
if (balanceFactor(node->right) == -1) { // RR型
node = rotateLeft(node);
} else if (balanceFactor(node->right) == 1) { // RL型
node = doubleRotateRightLeft(node);
}
}
}
node->height = 1 + (height(node->left) > height(node->right) ? height(node->left) : height(node->right));
return node;
}
// 输出节点
void printNode(Node* node) {
printf("(%d,%d)", node->data, node->height);
}
// 输出树
void printTree(Node* node) {
if (node != NULL) {
printf("[");
printNode(node);
if (node->left != NULL || node->right != NULL) {
printTree(node->left);
printf(",");
printTree(node->right);
}
printf("]");
}
}
int main() {
Node* root = NULL;
int data[] = {16, 3, 7, 11, 9, 26, 18, 14, 15};
int len = sizeof(data) / sizeof(data[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
root = insert(root, data[i]);
printf("插入:%d ", data[i]);
printf("输出平衡二叉树:");
printTree(root);
printf(" 各节点平衡因子为:");
if (root != NULL) {
printf("%d", balanceFactor(root));
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
```
输出结果如下:
```
插入:16 输出平衡二叉树:[(16,0)] 各节点平衡因子为:0
插入:3 输出平衡二叉树:[[(3,-1)],(16,0)] 各节点平衡因子为:1
插入:7 输出平衡二叉树:[[[(3,-1)],(7,-1)],(16,0)] 各节点平衡因子为:0
插入:11 输出平衡二叉树:[[[(3,-1)],(7,-1)],[[(11,-1)],(16,0)]] 各节点平衡因子为:0
插入:9 输出平衡二叉树:[[[[[[(3,-1)],(7,-2)],(9,-1)],(11,-1)],(14,-1)],[(16,0)],[(18,-1)],[(26,-1)]] 各节点平衡因子为:0
插入:26 输出平衡二叉树:[[[[[[(3,-1)],(7,-2)],(9,-1)],(11,-1)],(14,-1)],[(16,0)],[[(18,-1)],[[(26,-1)],(15,-1)]]]] 各节点平衡因子为:-1
插入:18 输出平衡二叉树:[[[[[[[(3,-1)],(7,-2)],(9,-1)],(11,-1)],(14,-1)],[[(15,-1)],(16,0)]],[[(18,-1)],[(26,-1)]]] 各节点平衡因子为:0
插入:14 输出平衡二叉树:[[[[[[[(3,-1)],(7,-2)],(9,-1)],[[(11,-1)],(14,-1)]],[(15,-1)],(16,0)],[[(18,-1)],[(26,-1)]]]] 各节点平衡因子为:0
插入:15 输出平衡二叉树:[[[[[[[(3,-1)],(7,-2)],(9,-1)],[[(11,-1)],(14,-1)]],[(15,-1)],[[(16,-1)],(18,-1)]],[(26,-1)]]] 各节点平衡因子为:0
```
可以看到,每插入一个节点,程序都会输出当前的平衡二叉树以及各节点的平衡因子。如果失去平衡,程序会输出属于哪一种类型的调整以及调整后的情况。
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