自己封装一个复数的类，参考C++自己内部的complex的模板类，要实现复数的+-*/，求模值，求角度，和实数的四则运算;

在C++中，你可以创建一个名为`Complex`的自定义类来表示复数，并实现所需的数学操作。下面是一个基本的示例，展示了如何实现复数的加减乘除、模值计算（模），以及向量对应元素的四则运算：

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

template <typename T>
class Complex {
public:
    // 构造函数，接受实部和虚部
    Complex(T real = 0, T imag = 0)
        : real_(real), imag_(imag) {}

    // 获取实部和虚部
    T getReal() const { return real_; }
    T getImaginary() const { return imag_; }

    // 设置复数的实部和虚部
    void setReal(T real) { real_ = real; }
    void setImaginary(T imag) { imag_ = imag; }

    // 加法
    Complex<T> operator+(const Complex<T>& other) const {
        return Complex<T>(real_ + other.real_, imag_ + other.imag_);
    }

    // 减法
    Complex<T> operator-(const Complex<T>& other) const {
        return Complex<T>(real_ - other.real_, imag_ - other.imag_);
    }

    // 乘法
    Complex<T> operator*(const Complex<T>& other) const {
        T realProduct = real_ * other.real_ - imag_ * other.imag_;
        T imagProduct = real_ * other.imag_ + imag_ * other.real_;
        return Complex<T>(realProduct, imagProduct);
    }

    // 除法（假设除数非零）
    Complex<T> operator/(const Complex<T>& other) const {
        T denominatorMag = other.getMagnitude();
        if (denominatorMag != T(0)) {
            T realDenom = other.real_;
            T imagDenom = other.imag_;
            T numeratorMag = getMagnitude();

            T mulReal = numeratorMag / denominatorMag;
            T mulImag = imag_ * realDenom - real_ * imagDenom;

            return Complex<T>(mulReal, mulImag / denominatorMag);
        } else {
            throw std::runtime_error("Division by zero is not allowed.");
        }
    }

    // 求模（模长）
    T magnitude() const {
        return std::sqrt(real_*real_ + imag_*imag_);
    }

    // 求角度（弧度制）
    double phase() const {
        return std::atan2(imag_, real_) * (180.0 / M_PI);  // 将弧度转换为度
    }

private:
    T real_;   // 实部
    T imag_;   // 虚部

    // 防止直接修改私有成员，提供访问器和设置器
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex<T>& c);
};

// 输出复数的便利友元函数
template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex<T>& complex) {
    os << complex.real_ << " + " << complex.imag_ << "i";
    return os;
}

int main() {
    Complex<int> a(3, 4);
    Complex<int> b(1, 2);

    std::cout << "a = " << a << "\n";
    std::cout << "b = " << b << "\n";

    Complex<int> sum = a + b;
    std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << "\n";

    Complex<int> diff = a - b;
    std::cout << "Difference: " << diff << "\n";

    Complex<int> product = a * b;
    std::cout << "Product: " << product << "\n";

    Complex<int> quotient = a / b;
    std::cout << "Quotient: " << quotient << "\n";

    std::cout << "Magnitude of a: " << a.magnitude() << "\n";
    std::cout << "Angle of a: " << a.phase() << " degrees\n";

    return 0;
}

这个例子中，`Complex`类模板允许你使用任何浮点类型的复数（如`float`, `double`, 或自定义的`T`）。运行上述代码，你会看到一个简单的复数运算实例。