将局域网内所有主机的SQL Server数据库备份到服务器 C++实现

以下是将局域网内所有主机的 SQL Server 数据库备份到服务器的 C++ 实现，需要使用 Windows API 中的 WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation) 和 OLE DB API：

#include <windows.h>
#include <comutil.h>
#include <atlbase.h>
#include <atlstr.h>
#include <sql.h>
#include <sqlext.h>
#include <wbemidl.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "wbemuuid.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comsuppw.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "comctl32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "odbc32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "odbccp32.lib")

#define SERVER_NAME "server_name"
#define SHARE_FOLDER_PATH "\\\\server_name\\share_folder\\"
#define BACKUP_EXTENSION ".bak"

int main()
{
    // Initialize COM library
    CoInitialize(NULL);

    // Connect to WMI namespace
    IWbemLocator* pLocator = NULL;
    IWbemServices* pService = NULL;
    HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IWbemLocator, (LPVOID*)&pLocator);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        BSTR ns = SysAllocString(L"root\\Microsoft\\SqlServer\\ComputerManagement17");
        hr = pLocator->ConnectServer(_bstr_t(ns), NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pService);
        SysFreeString(ns);
    }

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        // Execute WQL query to get all SQL Server instances
        BSTR query = SysAllocString(L"SELECT * FROM SqlServiceAdvancedProperty WHERE PropertyName = 'SqlServerInstanceName'");
        IEnumWbemClassObject* pEnumerator = NULL;
        hr = pService->ExecQuery(_bstr_t("WQL"), _bstr_t(query), WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY, NULL, &pEnumerator);
        SysFreeString(query);

        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            // Traverse all instances and backup their databases
            IWbemClassObject* pObject = NULL;
            ULONG uCount = 0;
            while (SUCCEEDED(pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, 1, &pObject, &uCount)) && uCount > 0) {
                // Get instance name
                VARIANT vtValue;
                hr = pObject->Get(L"__RELPATH", 0, &vtValue, NULL, NULL);
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    CString instanceName = vtValue.bstrVal;
                    instanceName.Replace(L"\\\\", L"");
                    instanceName.Replace(L"\"", L"");
                    instanceName.Replace(L"MSFT_SqlServiceAdvancedProperty.InstanceName=", L"");
                    instanceName.Replace(L",PropertyName=\"SqlServerInstanceName\"", L"");
                    instanceName.Replace(L"\\", L"_");

                    // Backup all databases
                    CString connectionString;
                    connectionString.Format(L"Provider=SQLOLEDB;Data Source=%s;Integrated Security=SSPI;", instanceName);
                    SQLHANDLE hEnv = NULL;
                    SQLHANDLE hConn = NULL;
                    SQLHANDLE hStmt = NULL;
                    SQLRETURN ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &hEnv);
                    if (ret == SQL_SUCCESS || ret == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO) {
                        ret = SQLSetEnvAttr(hEnv, SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION, (void*) SQL_OV_ODBC3, 0);
                        if (ret == SQL_SUCCESS || ret == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO) {
                            ret = SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hEnv, &hConn);
                            if (ret == SQL_SUCCESS || ret == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO) {
                                SQLCHAR szConnStrOut[1024];
                                SQLSMALLINT cbConnStrOut;
                                ret = SQLDriverConnect(hConn, NULL, (SQLCHAR*)(LPCWSTR) connectionString, (SQLSMALLINT) connectionString.GetLength(), szConnStrOut, 1024, &cbConnStrOut, SQL_DRIVER_NOPROMPT);
                                if (ret == SQL_SUCCESS || ret == SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO) {
                                    SQLCHAR szSqlStr[1024];
                                    SQLSMALLINT cbSqlStr;
                                    SQLCHAR tableName[128];
                                    SQLSMALLINT cbTableName;
                                    SQLCHAR backupPath[1024];
                                    SQLSMALLINT cbBackupPath;
                                    SQLCHAR backupStatement[1024];
                                    SQLSMALLINT cbBackupStatement;
                                    SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_STMT, hConn, &hStmt);
                                    SQLExecDirect(hStmt, (SQLCHAR*)"SELECT name FROM sys.databases WHERE name NOT IN ('master', 'model', 'msdb', 'tempdb')", SQL_NTS);
                                    while (SQLFetch(hStmt) == SQL_SUCCESS) {
                                        SQLGetData(hStmt, 1, SQL_C_CHAR, tableName, 128, &cbTableName);
                                        CString backupFileName;
                                        backupFileName.Format(L"%s%s%s", SHARE_FOLDER_PATH, (LPCWSTR) tableName, BACKUP_EXTENSION);
                                        CString backupFilePath = backupFileName.Mid(2);
                                        backupFilePath.Replace(L"\\", L"\\\\");
                                        sprintf_s((char*) backupPath, sizeof(backupPath), "%ls", (LPCWSTR) backupFilePath);
                                        sprintf_s((char*) backupStatement, sizeof(backupStatement), "BACKUP DATABASE [%s] TO DISK = '%s' WITH INIT", tableName, backupPath);
                                        ret = SQLExecDirect(hStmt, backupStatement, SQL_NTS);
                                    }
                                    SQLFreeStmt(hStmt, SQL_CLOSE);
                                }
                                SQLDisconnect(hConn);
                            }
                            SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_DBC, hConn);
                        }
                        SQLFreeHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, hEnv);
                    }
                    VariantClear(&vtValue);
                }
                pObject->Release();
                pObject = NULL;
                uCount = 0;
            }
            pEnumerator->Release();
        }
        pService->Release();
    }
    pLocator->Release();

    // Clean up COM library
    CoUninitialize();

    return 0;
}

在代码中，需要将 `SERVER_NAME` 替换为服务器名称，`SHARE_FOLDER_PATH` 替换为共享文件夹路径，`BACKUP_EXTENSION` 替换为备份文件的扩展名。该代码会遍历所有 SQL Server 实例，并备份它们的所有数据库到共享文件夹中。注意，需要使用管理员权限运行程序。