优化这段代码并消除bug:#include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; class Vehicle{ protected: string name; string color; public: Vehicle(string n,string c):name(n),color(c){}; virtual void display(); }; class Car : public Vehicle{ private: int pas; public: Car(string n,string c,int p):Vehicle(n,c),pas(p){}; void display(){ cout << name << " " << color << " " << pas << endl; }; }; class Truck : public Vehicle{ private: double weight; public: Truck(string n,string c,double d):Vehicle(n,c),weight(d){}; void display(){ cout << name << " " << color << " " << weight << endl; }; }; int main() { Vehicle *p; char type; char name[110],color[110]; int pas; double cap; while(cin>>type) { cin>>name>>color; if(type == 'C') { cin>>pas; Car car(name,color,pas); p = &car; p->display(); } else if(type == 'T') { cin>>cap; Truck truck(name,color,cap); p = &truck; p->display(); } } return 0; }

优化后的代码如下，主要是将类的成员变量改为指针类型，避免在栈上分配内存导致指针失效：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Vehicle{
protected:
    string name;
    string color;
public:
    Vehicle(string n, string c): name(n), color(c){};
    virtual void display() = 0;
    virtual ~Vehicle(){} // 添加虚析构函数
};

class Car : public Vehicle{
private:
    int *pas; // 改为指针类型
public:
    Car(string n, string c, int p): Vehicle(n, c){
        pas = new int(p); // 动态分配内存
    };
    void display(){
        cout << name << " " << color << " " << *pas << endl;
    };
    ~Car(){ // 添加析构函数，释放内存
        delete pas;
    }
};

class Truck : public Vehicle{
private:
    double *weight; // 改为指针类型
public:
    Truck(string n, string c, double d): Vehicle(n, c){
        weight = new double(d); // 动态分配内存
    };
    void display(){
        cout << name << " " << color << " " << *weight << endl;
    };
    ~Truck(){ // 添加析构函数，释放内存
        delete weight;
    }
};

int main() {
    Vehicle *p;
    char type;
    char name[110], color[110];
    int pas;
    double cap;
    while(cin>>type) {
        cin>>name>>color;
        if(type == 'C') {
            cin>>pas;
            p = new Car(name, color, pas); // 动态分配内存
            p->display();
            delete p; // 释放内存
        }
        else if(type == 'T') {
            cin>>cap;
            p = new Truck(name, color, cap); // 动态分配内存
            p->display();
            delete p; // 释放内存
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

此外，还需要添加虚析构函数，在子类析构时能够自动调用父类析构函数，释放父类的内存。并且在动态分配内存后需要在适当的时候释放内存，避免内存泄漏。