代码实现PBFT共识机制
时间: 2023-12-01 21:31:26 浏览: 147
区块链五:共识机制,用Rust原生写PBFT协议
PBFT(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance)是一种拜占庭容错的共识算法,适用于有限个节点的分布式系统。下面是一个简单的PBFT共识机制的实现示例:
1. 代码框架
```python
# 导入相关库
# 定义节点类
class Node:
def __init__(self, id, address):
self.id = id
self.address = address
self.peers = []
self.state = "INIT"
self.view = 0
self.sequence_number = 0
self.message_buffer = []
self.message_queue = []
self.processed_message = {}
self.current_request = None
self.current_view = None
self.current_pre_prepare = None
self.current_prepare = {}
self.current_commit = {}
self.last_stable_checkpoint = 0
self.last_executed_sequence_number = -1
# 处理消息
def process_message(self, message):
pass
# 发送消息
def send_message(self, address, message):
pass
# 切换视图
def change_view(self, view):
pass
# 发送消息给其他节点
def broadcast_message(self, message):
pass
# 处理请求
def handle_request(self, request):
pass
# 执行请求
def execute_request(self, request):
pass
# 记录检查点
def record_checkpoint(self, sequence_number):
pass
# 处理检查点
def handle_checkpoint(self, sequence_number):
pass
# 定义消息类
class Message:
def __init__(self, sender, receiver, type, content):
self.sender = sender
self.receiver = receiver
self.type = type
self.content = content
# 定义请求类
class Request:
def __init__(self, client_id, client_request_id, content):
self.client_id = client_id
self.client_request_id = client_request_id
self.content = content
```
2. 实现PBFT共识机制
具体实现过程如下:
- 节点状态
节点状态有以下几种:
- INIT:初始状态。
- PRE_PREPARE:节点收到客户端请求后,发送PRE-PREPARE消息给其他节点。
- PREPARE:节点收到PRE-PREPARE消息后,发送PREPARE消息给其他节点。
- COMMIT:节点收到PREPARE消息后,发送COMMIT消息给其他节点。
- EXECUTE:节点收到COMMIT消息后,执行请求,并发送REPLY消息给客户端。
- 消息类型
消息类型有以下几种:
- PRE-PREPARE:包含请求内容和序列号等信息,用于请求的第一阶段。
- PREPARE:包含节点的ID和序列号等信息,用于请求的第二阶段。
- COMMIT:包含节点的ID和序列号等信息,用于请求的第三阶段。
- CHECKPOINT:包含检查点的序列号等信息。
- REPLY:包含执行结果等信息,用于向客户端发送请求的结果。
- PBFT算法步骤
PBFT算法的步骤分为以下五个阶段:
1. 客户端发送请求。
客户端向节点发送请求,包含客户端ID和请求ID等信息。
2. 节点收到请求,发送PRE-PREPARE消息。
节点收到客户端请求后,将请求内容和序列号等信息打包成PRE-PREPARE消息,发送给其他节点,并进入PRE_PREPARE状态。
3. 节点收到PRE-PREPARE消息,发送PREPARE消息。
节点收到其他节点发送的PRE-PREPARE消息后,验证消息的合法性,并发送PREPARE消息给其他节点,并进入PREPARE状态。
4. 节点收到PREPARE消息,发送COMMIT消息。
节点收到其他节点发送的PREPARE消息后,验证消息的合法性,并发送COMMIT消息给其他节点,并进入COMMIT状态。
5. 节点收到COMMIT消息,执行请求,发送REPLY消息。
节点收到其他节点发送的COMMIT消息后,验证消息的合法性,并执行请求。执行完成后,节点将执行结果打包成REPLY消息,发送给客户端,并进入INIT状态。
```python
# PBFT共识机制实现
class PBFT(Node):
# 定义消息类型
PRE_PREPARE = "PRE_PREPARE"
PREPARE = "PREPARE"
COMMIT = "COMMIT"
CHECKPOINT = "CHECKPOINT"
REPLY = "REPLY"
def __init__(self, id, address):
super().__init__(id, address)
# 处理消息
def process_message(self, message):
if message.type == self.PRE_PREPARE:
self.handle_pre_prepare(message)
elif message.type == self.PREPARE:
self.handle_prepare(message)
elif message.type == self.COMMIT:
self.handle_commit(message)
elif message.type == self.CHECKPOINT:
self.handle_checkpoint(message)
elif message.type == self.REPLY:
self.handle_reply(message)
# 发送消息
def send_message(self, address, message):
pass
# 切换视图
def change_view(self, view):
pass
# 发送消息给其他节点
def broadcast_message(self, message):
pass
# 处理请求
def handle_request(self, request):
self.current_request = request
self.current_view = self.view
self.current_pre_prepare = Message(self.id, None, self.PRE_PREPARE, {
"client_id": request.client_id,
"client_request_id": request.client_request_id,
"request_content": request.content,
"sequence_number": self.sequence_number,
"digest": None
})
self.message_buffer.append(self.current_pre_prepare)
self.broadcast_message(self.current_pre_prepare)
# 处理PRE-PREPARE消息
def handle_pre_prepare(self, message):
if message.sender not in self.peers:
return
if not self.current_request:
return
if self.current_pre_prepare and (message.content["digest"] != self.current_pre_prepare.content["digest"]):
return
if message.content["sequence_number"] <= self.last_stable_checkpoint:
return
self.current_pre_prepare = message
self.current_pre_prepare.sender = message.sender
self.current_pre_prepare.receiver = self.id
self.current_prepare = {self.id: Message(self.id, None, self.PREPARE, {
"sequence_number": message.content["sequence_number"],
"digest": message.content["digest"]
})}
self.message_buffer.append(self.current_prepare[self.id])
self.broadcast_message(self.current_prepare[self.id])
# 处理PREPARE消息
def handle_prepare(self, message):
if message.sender not in self.peers:
return
if not self.current_pre_prepare:
return
if message.content["sequence_number"] != self.current_pre_prepare.content["sequence_number"]:
return
if message.content["digest"] != self.current_pre_prepare.content["digest"]:
return
self.current_prepare[message.sender] = message
if len(self.current_prepare) > (2 * len(self.peers) // 3):
self.current_commit = {self.id: Message(self.id, None, self.COMMIT, {
"sequence_number": self.current_pre_prepare.content["sequence_number"],
"digest": self.current_pre_prepare.content["digest"]
})}
self.message_buffer.append(self.current_commit[self.id])
self.broadcast_message(self.current_commit[self.id])
# 处理COMMIT消息
def handle_commit(self, message):
if message.sender not in self.peers:
return
if message.content["sequence_number"] != self.current_pre_prepare.content["sequence_number"]:
return
if message.content["digest"] != self.current_pre_prepare.content["digest"]:
return
self.current_commit[message.sender] = message
if len(self.current_commit) > (2 * len(self.peers) // 3):
self.execute_request(self.current_request)
self.record_checkpoint(self.current_pre_prepare.content["sequence_number"])
reply_message = Message(self.id, self.current_request.client_id, self.REPLY, {
"client_request_id": self.current_request.client_request_id,
"result": "success"
})
self.message_buffer.append(reply_message)
self.send_message(self.current_request.client_id, reply_message)
# 处理检查点
def handle_checkpoint(self, message):
pass
# 处理回复
def handle_reply(self, message):
pass
# 执行请求
def execute_request(self, request):
pass
# 记录检查点
def record_checkpoint(self, sequence_number):
pass
```
3. 测试
测试代码如下:
```python
# 创建节点
node1 = PBFT(1, "127.0.0.1:8001")
node2 = PBFT(2, "127.0.0.1:8002")
node3 = PBFT(3, "127.0.0.1:8003")
# 建立节点关系
node1.peers = [node2.address, node3.address]
node2.peers = [node1.address, node3.address]
node3.peers = [node1.address, node2.address]
# 处理请求
request = Request(1, 1, "request_content")
node1.handle_request(request)
# 处理消息
for node in [node1, node2, node3]:
while node.message_buffer:
message = node.message_buffer.pop(0)
for peer in node.peers:
if peer != message.sender:
node.send_message(peer, message)
```
4. 总结
以上是一个简单的PBFT共识机制的实现示例,主要包括节点类、消息类、请求类和PBFT类等。具体实现过程分为节点状态、消息类型和PBFT算法步骤三个部分。在测试过程中,我们创建了三个节点,并建立节点之间的关系,然后处理请求和消息。
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