stm32cubemx串口通信点灯

首先，你需要在 STM32CubeMX 中配置串口通信和 GPIO 端口。以下是基本步骤：

1. 在 Pinout & Configuration 选项卡中，选择需要使用的 GPIO 端口和管脚，将其配置为输出模式。

2. 在 Connectivity 选项卡中，选择需要使用的串口，配置其波特率、奇偶校验等参数。

3. 在 Code Generator 选项卡中，选择使用 HAL 库，生成代码。

接下来，你可以使用以下代码来实现串口通信和点灯：

#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"
#include <string.h>

UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);

int main(void)
{
  HAL_Init();
  SystemClock_Config();
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART2_UART_Init();

  uint8_t buffer[20];
  uint8_t received[10];
  uint8_t led_state = GPIO_PIN_RESET;

  while (1)
  {
    if (HAL_UART_Receive(&huart2, received, 1, HAL_MAX_DELAY) == HAL_OK)
    {
      if (received[0] == '1')
      {
        led_state = GPIO_PIN_SET;
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5, led_state);
        strcpy(buffer, "LED ON\r\n");
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, buffer, strlen(buffer), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      }
      else if (received[0] == '0')
      {
        led_state = GPIO_PIN_RESET;
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5, led_state);
        strcpy(buffer, "LED OFF\r\n");
        HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, buffer, strlen(buffer), HAL_MAX_DELAY);
      }
    }
  }
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure the SYSCLKSource, HCLK, PCLK1 and PCLK2 clocks dividers 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                                | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart2.Instance = USART2;
  huart2.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

在此代码中，我们在主函数中使用了一个 while 循环来不断监听串口数据。如果接收到 '1'，则点亮 LED 并发送 "LED ON" 消息；如果接收到 '0'，则关闭 LED 并发送 "LED OFF" 消息。你可以通过串口调试工具向串口发送 '1' 或 '0' 来测试代码是否正常工作。