解释一下data = np.reshape(data, [batch_size, num_batches * num_step])
时间: 2023-05-28 21:04:13 浏览: 90
这段代码是将原始数据data进行重塑,变成[batch_size, num_batches * num_step]的形状。
其中,batch_size是指每个batch中有多少条数据,num_batches是指总共划分成多少个batch,num_step是指每个样本的时间步数。
重塑后的数据可以被送入模型进行训练或预测,其中每个batch的数据都是由num_batches个样本构成,每个样本由num_step个时间步组成。
相关问题
使用循环神经网络学习汉语拼音的拼写,本次实验重点为准备数据和模型。 1、拼音数据(无声调):/kaggle/input/pyinin/pinyn.txt 2、定义数据集:采用字符模型,因此一个字符为一个样本。每个样本采用one-hot编码。 3、样本是时间相关的,分别实现序列的随机采样和序列的顺序划分 4、标签Y与X同形状,但时间超前1 5、准备数据:一次梯度更新使用的数据形状为:(时间步,Batch,类别数) 6、实现基本循环神经网络模型 (1)循环单元为nn.RNN或GRU (2)输出层的全连接使用RNN所有时间步的输出 (3)隐状态初始值为0 (4)测试前向传播 (5)如果采用顺序划分,需梯度截断 7、训练:损失函数为平均交叉熵 8、预测:给定一个前缀,进行单步预测和K步预测。按照每一小题输出每段python代码
好的,以下是每一小题对应的Python代码:
1. 读取拼音数据(无声调):
```python
with open('/kaggle/input/pyinin/pinyn.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
pinyin_data = f.read().split()
```
2. 定义数据集,采用字符模型,每个样本采用one-hot编码:
```python
import numpy as np
# 构建字符集
vocab = sorted(set(''.join(pinyin_data)))
vocab_size = len(vocab)
# 创建字符到索引的映射
char_to_idx = {char: idx for idx, char in enumerate(vocab)}
idx_to_char = np.array(vocab)
# 将拼音数据转换为one-hot编码
def one_hot_encode(text, vocab_size, char_to_idx):
num_samples = len(text)
max_len = max([len(txt) for txt in text])
input_data = np.zeros((num_samples, max_len, vocab_size))
for i in range(num_samples):
for j in range(len(text[i])):
input_data[i, j, char_to_idx[text[i][j]]] = 1
return input_data
input_data = one_hot_encode(pinyin_data, vocab_size, char_to_idx)
```
3. 实现序列的随机采样和序列的顺序划分:
```python
# 随机采样
def random_sample(batch_size, seq_len):
# 随机选择一个起始位置
idx = np.random.randint(0, input_data.shape[0] - seq_len)
input_seq = input_data[idx:idx+seq_len]
target_seq = np.copy(input_seq)
target_seq[:-1] = input_seq[1:]
return input_seq, target_seq
# 序列的顺序划分
def seq_partition(batch_size, seq_len):
num_batches = input_data.shape[0] // (batch_size * seq_len)
data = input_data[:num_batches * batch_size * seq_len]
data = data.reshape(batch_size, num_batches * seq_len, vocab_size)
data = np.transpose(data, axes=[1, 0, 2])
input_seq = data[:-1]
target_seq = data[1:]
return input_seq, target_seq
```
4. 标签Y与X同形状,但时间超前1:
```python
target_seq = np.copy(input_seq)
target_seq[:-1] = input_seq[1:]
```
5. 准备数据,一次梯度更新使用的数据形状为:(时间步,Batch,类别数):
```python
def get_data(batch_size, seq_len, use_random_sample=True):
if use_random_sample:
X, Y = random_sample(batch_size, seq_len)
else:
X, Y = seq_partition(batch_size, seq_len)
return X.transpose(1, 0, 2), Y.transpose(1, 0, 2)
```
6. 实现基本循环神经网络模型:
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class RNNModel(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, vocab_size, hidden_size, num_layers=1, rnn_type='rnn'):
super().__init__()
self.rnn_type = rnn_type
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.num_layers = num_layers
self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, hidden_size)
if rnn_type == 'rnn':
self.rnn = nn.RNN(hidden_size, hidden_size, num_layers)
elif rnn_type == 'gru':
self.rnn = nn.GRU(hidden_size, hidden_size, num_layers)
self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, vocab_size)
def forward(self, input_seq, hidden=None):
seq_len, batch_size, _ = input_seq.size()
if hidden is None:
hidden = self.init_hidden(batch_size)
embed = self.embedding(input_seq)
output, hidden = self.rnn(embed, hidden)
output = output.view(seq_len * batch_size, self.hidden_size)
output = self.fc(output)
return output.view(seq_len, batch_size, -1), hidden
def init_hidden(self, batch_size):
if self.rnn_type == 'gru':
return torch.zeros(self.num_layers, batch_size, self.hidden_size)
else:
return torch.zeros(self.num_layers, batch_size, self.hidden_size)
```
7. 训练,损失函数为平均交叉熵:
```python
def train(model, optimizer, criterion, num_epochs, batch_size, seq_len):
model.train()
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
hidden = None
for i in range(0, input_data.shape[0] - seq_len, seq_len):
X, Y = get_data(batch_size, seq_len, use_random_sample=False)
X = torch.tensor(X, dtype=torch.long)
Y = torch.tensor(Y, dtype=torch.long)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output, hidden = model(X, hidden)
hidden.detach_()
loss = criterion(output.view(-1, vocab_size), Y.view(-1))
loss.backward()
nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 0.5)
optimizer.step()
if epoch % 10 == 0:
print(f'Epoch {epoch}, Loss: {loss.item():.4f}')
```
8. 预测,给定一个前缀,进行单步预测和K步预测:
```python
def predict(model, init_text, predict_len):
hidden = None
input_seq = torch.tensor([[char_to_idx[c] for c in init_text]], dtype=torch.long)
output_text = init_text
for i in range(predict_len):
output, hidden = model(input_seq, hidden)
output = output[-1].squeeze(0)
output_dist = nn.functional.softmax(output, dim=0)
top_k_prob, top_k_idx = output_dist.topk(k=5)
top_k_prob = top_k_prob.detach().numpy()
top_k_idx = top_k_idx.detach().numpy()
for j in range(top_k_idx.shape[0]):
next_char = idx_to_char[top_k_idx[j]]
prob = top_k_prob[j]
output_text += next_char
input_seq = torch.tensor([[char_to_idx[c] for c in output_text]], dtype=torch.long)
return output_text
```
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