写一个基于SVM的Cifar10数据集识别算法
时间: 2023-05-31 11:03:37 浏览: 131
1. 数据预处理:Cifar10数据集包含50000个训练图片和10000个测试图片,每个图片大小为32x32x3,其中3表示RGB三通道。我们需要将这些图片转换为SVM可以处理的格式,即将每个图片转换为一个向量。
2. 特征提取:由于Cifar10数据集中的图片比较复杂,我们需要使用一些特征提取技术来将图片转换为向量。常用的特征提取方法包括:灰度化、直方图均衡化、尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)、方向梯度直方图(HOG)等。在本算法中,我们使用HOG算法提取图片的特征。
3. 训练模型:使用SVM算法训练模型,可以使用LibSVM等开源工具库来实现。在训练SVM模型时,需要设置SVM的参数,如选择核函数、调整惩罚系数等。
4. 测试模型:使用训练好的SVM模型对测试集进行测试,并计算准确率和召回率等评价指标。
5. 优化模型:通过调整SVM的参数、采用不同的特征提取算法等方式来优化模型的性能。
代码示例:
```python
import numpy as np
import cv2
from sklearn import svm
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from skimage.feature import hog
from keras.datasets import cifar10
# 加载数据集
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = cifar10.load_data()
# 将数据集转换为向量
def get_features(data):
features = []
for i in range(len(data)):
img = data[i]
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
img = cv2.resize(img, (32, 32))
fd = hog(img, orientations=8, pixels_per_cell=(4, 4), cells_per_block=(2, 2), transform_sqrt=True, block_norm="L1")
features.append(fd)
features = np.array(features)
return features
x_train = get_features(x_train)
x_test = get_features(x_test)
# 数据标准化
scaler = StandardScaler()
x_train = scaler.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = scaler.transform(x_test)
# 划分训练集和验证集
x_train, x_val, y_train, y_val = train_test_split(x_train, y_train, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
# 训练SVM模型
clf = svm.SVC(kernel='linear', C=1)
clf.fit(x_train, y_train)
# 预测结果
y_pred = clf.predict(x_test)
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
print("Accuracy:", accuracy)
```
参考文献:
[1] C. Cortes and V. Vapnik, “Support-vector networks,” Machine Learning, vol. 20, pp. 273–297, 1995.
[2] N. Dalal and B. Triggs, “Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005, pp. 886–893.
[3] https://github.com/opencv/opencv/tree/master/samples/python/hog.py
[4] https://github.com/opencv/opencv/blob/master/samples/python/digits.py
[5] https://www.kaggle.com/c/cifar-10
[6] https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/svm.html
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