python编写一个RSA加密工具用于数据加密

以下是一个简单的Python程序，用于RSA加密和解密数据：

import random
import math

def gcd(a, b):
    while b != 0:
        a, b = b, a % b
    return a

def mod_inverse(a, m):
    if gcd(a, m) != 1:
        return None
    u1, u2, u3 = 1, 0, a
    v1, v2, v3 = 0, 1, m
    while v3 != 0:
        q = u3 // v3
        v1, v2, v3, u1, u2, u3 = (u1 - q * v1), (u2 - q * v2), (u3 - q * v3), v1, v2, v3
    return u1 % m

def is_prime(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    if n <= 3:
        return True
    if n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0:
        return False
    i = 5
    while i * i <= n:
        if n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0:
            return False
        i += 6
    return True

def generate_keypair(p, q):
    if not (is_prime(p) and is_prime(q)):
        raise ValueError("Both numbers must be prime.")
    elif p == q:
        raise ValueError("p and q cannot be equal")
    n = p * q
    phi = (p-1) * (q-1)
    e = random.randrange(1, phi)
    g = gcd(e, phi)
    while g != 1:
        e = random.randrange(1, phi)
        g = gcd(e, phi)
    d = mod_inverse(e, phi)
    return ((e, n), (d, n))

def encrypt(pk, plaintext):
    key, n = pk
    cipher = [(ord(char) ** key) % n for char in plaintext]
    return cipher

def decrypt(pk, ciphertext):
    key, n = pk
    plain = [chr((char ** key) % n) for char in ciphertext]
    return ''.join(plain)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = int(input("Enter a prime number (17, 19, 23, etc): "))
    q = int(input("Enter another prime number (Not one you entered above): "))
    public, private = generate_keypair(p, q)
    print("Your public key is ", public, " and your private key is ", private)
    message = input("Enter a message to encrypt with your private key: ")
    encrypted_msg = encrypt(private, message)
    print("Your encrypted message is: ")
    print(''.join(map(lambda x: str(x), encrypted_msg)))
    print("Decrypting message with public key ", public, " . . .")
    print("Your message is:")
    print(decrypt(public, encrypted_msg))

该程序生成RSA密钥对，并使用私钥加密和公钥解密消息。您可以使用以下命令运行Python程序：

python rsa.py

接下来，您需要按照程序提示进行操作，输入两个质数和要加密的消息。程序将输出加密后的消息以及解密后的消息。