互斥量(mutex)怎么写呢
时间: 2024-06-20 16:04:06 浏览: 51
互斥量(mutex)是一种同步原语,用于保护共享资源,防止多个线程同时访问。在多线程程序中,使用互斥量可以避免数据竞争(data race)等并发问题。
下面是互斥量的使用示例:
```c++
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
std::mutex mtx;
void print(int num) {
mtx.lock(); // 加锁
std::cout << num << std::endl;
mtx.unlock(); // 解锁
}
int main() {
std::thread t1(print, 1);
std::thread t2(print, 2);
t1.join();
t2.join();
return 0;
}
```
在上面的代码中,`mtx`是一个互斥量对象,`print`函数中的`mtx.lock()`和`mtx.unlock()`分别用于加锁和解锁。当一个线程调用`lock`时,如果互斥量已经被其他线程锁住了,那么该线程会被阻塞,直到互斥量被解锁为止。
相关问题
在RT-Thread中设计了thread1. thread2.thread3三个线程,优先级分别为9.10、11,设计了-个互斥量mutex. 线程thread1优先级最高.先执行100ms延时.之后再打印线程⒉与线程3的优先级信息—用于检查线程thread3的优先级是否被提升为thread2的优先级. 线程thread2进入后先打印自己的优先级.然后进入 50ms延时,延时结束后获取互斥量mutex,获取到互斥 量之后再释放互斥量mutex. 线程thread3进入后先打印自己的优先级,然后获取互斥量mutex,获取到互斥量之后进入500ms的循环.循环结束后将互斥量释放. 要求设置一个32bit的全局变量来对三个线程分别进行标记,以此在逻辑分析中可以观察这三个线程的运行状态,要求条理清晰
本题中涉及到了三个线程和一个互斥量,需要注意线程优先级和互斥量的使用。同时需要设置一个全局变量来对三个线程进行标记,以便观察它们的运行状态。
首先,我们需要定义三个线程和一个互斥量:
```c
static rt_thread_t thread1 = RT_NULL;
static rt_thread_t thread2 = RT_NULL;
static rt_thread_t thread3 = RT_NULL;
static rt_mutex_t mutex;
```
然后,我们需要设置三个线程的优先级,创建并启动这三个线程:
```c
static char thread1_stack[1024];
static void thread1_entry(void* parameter)
{
rt_thread_delay(100);
rt_kprintf("Thread2 priority is %d, Thread3 priority is %d\n", rt_thread_get_priority(thread2), rt_thread_get_priority(thread3));
}
static char thread2_stack[1024];
static void thread2_entry(void* parameter)
{
rt_kprintf("Thread2 priority is %d\n", rt_thread_get_priority(thread2));
rt_thread_delay(50);
rt_mutex_take(&mutex, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
rt_mutex_release(&mutex);
}
static char thread3_stack[1024];
static void thread3_entry(void* parameter)
{
rt_kprintf("Thread3 priority is %d\n", rt_thread_get_priority(thread3));
rt_mutex_take(&mutex, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) {
rt_thread_delay(1);
}
rt_mutex_release(&mutex);
}
void thread_init()
{
rt_err_t result;
result = rt_mutex_init(&mutex, "mutex", RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO);
RT_ASSERT(result == RT_EOK);
thread1 = rt_thread_create("thread1", thread1_entry, RT_NULL, sizeof(thread1_stack), 9, 20);
RT_ASSERT(thread1 != RT_NULL);
result = rt_thread_startup(thread1);
RT_ASSERT(result == RT_EOK);
thread2 = rt_thread_create("thread2", thread2_entry, RT_NULL, sizeof(thread2_stack), 10, 20);
RT_ASSERT(thread2 != RT_NULL);
result = rt_thread_startup(thread2);
RT_ASSERT(result == RT_EOK);
thread3 = rt_thread_create("thread3", thread3_entry, RT_NULL, sizeof(thread3_stack), 11, 20);
RT_ASSERT(thread3 != RT_NULL);
result = rt_thread_startup(thread3);
RT_ASSERT(result == RT_EOK);
}
```
最后,我们需要设置一个全局变量来对三个线程进行标记,以便观察它们的运行状态:
```c
static uint32_t thread_flags = 0;
#define THREAD1_FLAG (1 << 0)
#define THREAD2_FLAG (1 << 1)
#define THREAD3_FLAG (1 << 2)
#define SET_THREAD_FLAG(flag) do { \
rt_enter_critical(); \
thread_flags |= (flag); \
rt_exit_critical(); \
} while (0)
#define CLEAR_THREAD_FLAG(flag) do { \
rt_enter_critical(); \
thread_flags &= ~(flag); \
rt_exit_critical(); \
} while (0)
```
在每个线程的入口函数中,我们需要在适当的位置设置标志位:
```c
static char thread1_stack[1024];
static void thread1_entry(void* parameter)
{
rt_thread_delay(100);
rt_kprintf("Thread2 priority is %d, Thread3 priority is %d\n", rt_thread_get_priority(thread2), rt_thread_get_priority(thread3));
SET_THREAD_FLAG(THREAD1_FLAG);
}
static char thread2_stack[1024];
static void thread2_entry(void* parameter)
{
rt_kprintf("Thread2 priority is %d\n", rt_thread_get_priority(thread2));
rt_thread_delay(50);
rt_mutex_take(&mutex, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
rt_mutex_release(&mutex);
SET_THREAD_FLAG(THREAD2_FLAG);
}
static char thread3_stack[1024];
static void thread3_entry(void* parameter)
{
rt_kprintf("Thread3 priority is %d\n", rt_thread_get_priority(thread3));
rt_mutex_take(&mutex, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
for (int i = 0; i < 500; ++i) {
rt_thread_delay(1);
}
rt_mutex_release(&mutex);
SET_THREAD_FLAG(THREAD3_FLAG);
}
```
可以在主函数中添加一个循环,不断检查标志位的值,以观察三个线程的运行状态:
```c
int main(void)
{
thread_init();
while (1) {
rt_kprintf("Thread1 %s running\n", (thread_flags & THREAD1_FLAG) ? "is" : "is not");
rt_kprintf("Thread2 %s running\n", (thread_flags & THREAD2_FLAG) ? "is" : "is not");
rt_kprintf("Thread3 %s running\n", (thread_flags & THREAD3_FLAG) ? "is" : "is not");
rt_thread_delay(1000);
}
return 0;
}
```
主程序: 定义缓冲区数组,初始化缓冲区为空 定义互斥量mutex和信号量full、empty分别表示缓冲区是否满或空 创建消费者线程和生产者线程,启动线程 等待子线程完成后,销毁互斥量和信号量 生产者进程: 生成数据项 若缓冲区满,等待信号量empty 获取互斥锁mutex 将数据项放入缓冲区 释放互斥锁mutex 发送信号量full 消费者进程: 若缓冲区空,等待信号量full 获取互斥锁mutex 取出缓冲区中的数据项 释放互斥锁mutex 发送信号量empty 处理数据项
好的,这是一个关于生产者消费者问题的描述。以下是一个简单的实现,包含主程序、生产者进程和消费者进程:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE 10
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
int buffer_index;
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
sem_t full, empty;
void *producer(void *arg) {
while (1) {
// 生成数据项
char item = 'A' + rand() % 26;
// 若缓冲区满,等待信号量empty
sem_wait(&empty);
// 获取互斥锁mutex
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
// 将数据项放入缓冲区
buffer[buffer_index++] = item;
// 释放互斥锁mutex
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
// 发送信号量full
sem_post(&full);
}
}
void *consumer(void *arg) {
while (1) {
// 若缓冲区空,等待信号量full
sem_wait(&full);
// 获取互斥锁mutex
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
// 取出缓冲区中的数据项
char item = buffer[--buffer_index];
// 释放互斥锁mutex
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
// 发送信号量empty
sem_post(&empty);
// 处理数据项
printf("Consumed item: %c\n", item);
}
}
int main() {
buffer_index = 0;
// 初始化互斥量和信号量
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
sem_init(&full, 0, 0);
sem_init(&empty, 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
// 创建消费者线程和生产者线程,启动线程
pthread_t producer_thread, consumer_thread;
pthread_create(&producer_thread, NULL, producer, NULL);
pthread_create(&consumer_thread, NULL, consumer, NULL);
// 等待子线程完成后,销毁互斥量和信号量
pthread_join(producer_thread, NULL);
pthread_join(consumer_thread, NULL);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
sem_destroy(&full);
sem_destroy(&empty);
return 0;
}
```
这个程序中,我们首先定义了一个缓冲区数组和一个缓冲区索引变量,用于存放生产者生成的数据项。接着,我们定义了一个互斥量mutex和两个信号量full、empty,分别表示缓冲区是否满或空。
在生产者进程中,我们使用while循环不断生成数据项。如果缓冲区已满,使用sem_wait()函数等待信号量empty。获取互斥锁mutex后,将数据项放入缓冲区中,然后释放互斥锁mutex。最后,使用sem_post()函数发送信号量full,通知消费者进程可以从缓冲区中取出数据项了。
在消费者进程中,我们也使用while循环不断消费数据项。如果缓冲区为空,使用sem_wait()函数等待信号量full。获取互斥锁mutex后,从缓冲区中取出数据项,并将缓冲区索引减一。然后,释放互斥锁mutex,并使用sem_post()函数发送信号量empty,通知生产者进程可以向缓冲区中放入数据项了。最后,我们处理取出的数据项,并输出到控制台上。
在主程序中,我们首先初始化互斥量和信号量。然后,创建消费者线程和生产者线程,并启动线程。最后,使用pthread_join()函数等待子线程完成后,销毁互斥量和信号量。
希望我的回答能够解决你的问题!
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