C#winform编写服务器端和客户端, 用TCP IP 纯代码互相发送接受消息

在C#中使用WinForms编写基于TCP/IP的服务器端和客户端，需要使用到`System.Net`和`System.Net.Sockets`命名空间下的类。以下是一个简化的示例介绍如何实现这样的网络通信。

### 服务器端

服务器端需要监听特定的端口，等待客户端的连接请求，并建立连接之后发送或接收消息。服务器端的代码示例如下：

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

public class TcpServer
{
    private TcpListener tcpListener;
    private bool listening;

    public void Start(int port)
    {
        listening = true;
        tcpListener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, port);
        tcpListener.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("服务器启动，正在监听端口：" + port);

        while (listening)
        {
            TcpClient client = tcpListener.AcceptTcpClient();
            Console.WriteLine("客户端连接：" + client.Client.RemoteEndPoint);
            Thread clientThread = new Thread(HandleClient);
            clientThread.Start(client);
        }
    }

    private void HandleClient(object obj)
    {
        TcpClient client = (TcpClient)obj;
        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead;

        try
        {
            while ((bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
            {
                string message = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                Console.WriteLine("接收到客户端消息：" + message);

                // 回复客户端
                string reply = "服务器回复：" + message;
                byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(reply);
                stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
                stream.Flush();
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("连接关闭：" + e.Message);
        }
        finally
        {
            stream.Close();
            client.Close();
        }
    }
}

### 客户端

客户端需要连接到服务器的IP地址和端口，然后通过建立的连接发送消息或接收服务器端的消息。客户端的代码示例如下：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

public class TcpClientExample
{
    private TcpClient client;

    public void ConnectToServer(string ipAddress, int port)
    {
        client = new TcpClient();
        client.Connect(ipAddress, port);

        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();
        Console.WriteLine("连接到服务器成功");

        // 发送消息
        string messageToSend = "你好，服务器!";
        byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(messageToSend);
        stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
        stream.Flush();

        // 接收回复
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
        string reply = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        Console.WriteLine("从服务器接收到回复：" + reply);

        stream.Close();
        client.Close();
    }
}

### 如何使用

1. 在服务器端创建`TcpServer`的实例，并调用`Start`方法开始监听端口。
2. 在客户端创建`TcpClientExample`的实例，并调用`ConnectToServer`方法连接到服务器。

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