pytorch中如何利用acc对支持向量机的集成学习和决策树的集成模型进行评价,并做出条形图
时间: 2024-10-13 07:08:16 浏览: 20
在PyTorch中,对于支持向量机(SVM)的集成学习模型如`sklearn`库中的` VotingClassifier`或`StackingClassifier`,以及决策树集成模型(如随机森林或梯度提升决策树),评估准确率(Accuracy,即ACC)通常涉及以下步骤:
1. **数据预处理**:首先确保数据已经被适当地转换成适合训练的格式,例如Pandas DataFrame。
2. **训练模型**:
- 对于SVM集成模型,使用`VotingClassifier`或`StackingClassifier`训练并保存各个单独分类器的预测结果。
- 对于决策树集成模型,比如`RandomForestClassifier`或`GradientBoostingClassifier`,直接训练模型。
3. **集成预测**:
- 集成模型会返回一个概率矩阵或类别标签,需要从中提取每个样本的实际预测结果。
4. **计算Accuracy**:
- 使用`accuracy_score`函数,它可以从`sklearn.metrics`模块导入,计算实际类别标签和预测标签的一致性。
```python
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier, VotingClassifier
from sklearn.svm import SVC
import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score
# 加载数据
iris = load_iris()
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(iris.data, iris.target, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
# 数据标准化
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test_scaled = scaler.transform(X_test)
# 训练单个模型和集成模型
svm_clf = SVC(probability=True)
tree_clf = RandomForestClassifier()
voting_clf = VotingClassifier(estimators=[('svm', svm_clf), ('tree', tree_clf)], voting='soft')
# 分别训练
svm_clf.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)
tree_clf.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)
voting_clf.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)
# 预测
svm_pred = svm_clf.predict(X_test_scaled)
tree_pred = tree_clf.predict(X_test_scaled)
voting_pred = voting_clf.predict(X_test_scaled)
# 计算Accuracy
svm_acc = accuracy_score(y_test, svm_pred)
tree_acc = accuracy_score(y_test, tree_pred)
voting_acc = accuracy_score(y_test, voting_pred)
# 可视化条形图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
labels = ['SVM', 'Decision Tree', 'Voting Ensemble']
accuracies = [svm_acc, tree_acc, voting_acc]
plt.bar(labels, accuracies)
plt.xlabel('Model')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.title('Accuracy Comparison of Individual Models and Ensemble')
plt.show()
```
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