定义一个学生类Student 数据成员 (private)： 学生姓名（char *name）、性别（bool sex）、学号、出生日期（Birthday birth）、专业课门数、专业课成绩（double *score） 成员函数 (public)： 构造函数：对学生的姓名、性别、学号、出生日期、专业课门数进行初始化 Student(char *_name, bool _sex, int _sno, int year, int month, int day, int _num); 析构函数：释放系统资源（堆空间） 提供拷贝构造函数 录入专业课的成绩 void input(double *s); 修改某门专业课的成绩 void change(int i, double s); 获取某门专业课的成绩 double get(int i); 获取专业课门数 计算专业课平均成绩 计算不及格专业课的门数 显示学生基本信息

下面是一个基本的学生类Student的定义，包括数据成员和成员函数的实现：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class Birthday {
public:
    Birthday(int year, int month, int day) {
        this->year = year;
        this->month = month;
        this->day = day;
    }
    void display() {
        cout << year << "-" << month << "-" << day << endl;
    }
private:
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
};

class Student {
public:
    Student(char *_name, bool _sex, int _sno, int year, int month, int day, int _num) {
        name = new char[strlen(_name) + 1];
        strcpy(name, _name);
        sex = _sex;
        sno = _sno;
        birth = new Birthday(year, month, day);
        num = _num;
        score = new double[num];
    }

    ~Student() {
        delete[] name;
        delete birth;
        delete[] score;
    }

    Student(const Student &stu) {
        name = new char[strlen(stu.name) + 1];
        strcpy(name, stu.name);
        sex = stu.sex;
        sno = stu.sno;
        birth = new Birthday(*stu.birth);
        num = stu.num;
        score = new double[num];
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            score[i] = stu.score[i];
        }
    }

    void input(double *s) {
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            score[i] = s[i];
        }
    }

    void change(int i, double s) {
        score[i] = s;
    }

    double get(int i) {
        return score[i];
    }

    int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    double getAverage() {
        double sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            sum += score[i];
        }
        return sum / num;
    }

    int getFailNum() {
        int cnt = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            if (score[i] < 60) {
                cnt++;
            }
        }
        return cnt;
    }

    void display() {
        cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;
        cout << "性别：" << (sex ? "男" : "女") << endl;
        cout << "学号：" << sno << endl;
        cout << "出生日期：";
        birth->display();
        cout << "专业课门数：" << num << endl;
        cout << "专业课成绩：";
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            cout << score[i] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
        cout << "专业课平均成绩：" << getAverage() << endl;
        cout << "不及格专业课门数：" << getFailNum() << endl;
    }

private:
    char *name;
    bool sex;
    int sno;
    Birthday *birth;
    int num;
    double *score;
};

然后可以在主函数中进行测试：

int main() {
    double score[] = { 80, 90, 70 };
    Student stu("张三", true, 1001, 1998, 5, 1, 3);
    stu.input(score);
    stu.display();
    return 0;
}

输出结果为：

姓名：张三
性别：男
学号：1001
出生日期：1998-5-1
专业课门数：3
专业课成绩：80 90 70
专业课平均成绩：80
不及格专业课门数：0