用C++编写一个工资管理程序，将雇员类作为所有类的基类，其派生类包括经理类、销售员类、计件工类和小时工类

以下是一个简单的工资管理程序，包括一个Employee（雇员）基类和四个派生类：Manager（经理）、Salesman（销售员）、PieceWorker（计件工）和HourlyWorker（小时工）。每个类都有自己的工资计算方法和成员变量。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Employee {
public:
    Employee(string name, int id) : name(name), id(id) {}

    virtual double salary() const = 0; // 纯虚函数

    string getName() const { return name; }
    int getId() const { return id; }

private:
    string name;
    int id;
};

class Manager : public Employee {
public:
    Manager(string name, int id, double salary) : Employee(name, id), salary(salary) {}

    virtual double salary() const override { return salary; }

private:
    double salary;
};

class Salesman : public Employee {
public:
    Salesman(string name, int id, double sales, double rate) : Employee(name, id), sales(sales), rate(rate) {}

    virtual double salary() const override { return sales * rate; }

private:
    double sales;
    double rate;
};

class PieceWorker : public Employee {
public:
    PieceWorker(string name, int id, int pieces, double rate) : Employee(name, id), pieces(pieces), rate(rate) {}

    virtual double salary() const override { return pieces * rate; }

private:
    int pieces;
    double rate;
};

class HourlyWorker : public Employee {
public:
    HourlyWorker(string name, int id, double hours, double rate) : Employee(name, id), hours(hours), rate(rate) {}

    virtual double salary() const override { return hours * rate; }

private:
    double hours;
    double rate;
};

int main() {
    Manager m("Tom", 1001, 10000.0);
    Salesman s("Jerry", 1002, 40000.0, 0.05);
    PieceWorker p("John", 1003, 100, 10.0);
    HourlyWorker h("Bob", 1004, 160, 20.0);

    cout << "Manager " << m.getName() << " has salary " << m.salary() << endl;
    cout << "Salesman " << s.getName() << " has salary " << s.salary() << endl;
    cout << "PieceWorker " << p.getName() << " has salary " << p.salary() << endl;
    cout << "HourlyWorker " << h.getName() << " has salary " << h.salary() << endl;

    return 0;
}

这个程序中，Employee 类是一个抽象类，因为它包含了一个纯虚函数 salary()，没有函数体。每个派生类都必须实现它自己的 salary() 函数，否则也会成为抽象类。

四个派生类的构造函数分别需要传入不同的参数，以初始化成员变量。每个类的 salary() 函数根据不同的计算方式，返回对应的工资数额。最后在主函数中创建了四个对象，并输出它们的名字和工资。