利用 Vector数据结构、对象序列化、输入输出流设计并编写一个命令行图书管理系统Java应用程序，具备以下功能：1）打印系统列表（书号，作者姓名，标题，出版社，定价）；2）增加一本新书；3）查找一本书；4）删除一本书；5）离开系统；6）保存系统数据到文件中；7）从文件中加载旧数据。 一、文字叙说各个功能模块的“算法”、技术难点并附上代码。二、附上全部代码。

一、功能模块算法与技术难点：

1. 打印系统列表：从图书列表中遍历每一本图书，输出每本图书的书号、作者姓名、标题、出版社和定价。

算法：

for (Book book : bookList) {
    System.out.println(book.getId() + ", " + book.getAuthor() + ", " + book.getTitle() + ", " + book.getPublisher() + ", " + book.getPrice());
}

2. 增加一本新书：创建一个新的图书对象，将其添加到图书列表中。

算法：

Book newBook = new Book(id, author, title, publisher, price);
bookList.add(newBook);

3. 查找一本书：从图书列表中查找指定书号的图书。

算法：

for (Book book : bookList) {
    if (book.getId().equals(id)) {
        return book;
    }
}
return null;

4. 删除一本书：从图书列表中删除指定书号的图书。

算法：

for (Book book : bookList) {
    if (book.getId().equals(id)) {
        bookList.remove(book);
        return true;
    }
}
return false;

5. 离开系统：退出程序。

算法：

System.exit(0);

6. 保存系统数据到文件中：将图书列表序列化为字节数组，写入到文件中。

算法：

FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
ObjectOutputStream objectOut = new ObjectOutputStream(fileOut);
objectOut.writeObject(bookList);
objectOut.close();
fileOut.close();

7. 从文件中加载旧数据：从文件中读取字节数组，将其反序列化为图书列表对象。

算法：

FileInputStream fileIn = new FileInputStream(fileName);
ObjectInputStream objectIn = new ObjectInputStream(fileIn);
bookList = (List<Book>) objectIn.readObject();
objectIn.close();
fileIn.close();

代码实现：

Book.java

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Book implements Serializable {
    private String id;
    private String author;
    private String title;
    private String publisher;
    private double price;

    public Book(String id, String author, String title, String publisher, double price) {
        this.id = id;
        this.author = author;
        this.title = title;
        this.publisher = publisher;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public String getPublisher() {
        return publisher;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
}

BookManager.java

import java.io.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BookManager {
    private List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
    private String fileName = "books.dat";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookManager bookManager = new BookManager();
        bookManager.loadBooks();
        bookManager.run();
    }

    private void run() {
        while (true) {
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            System.out.println("请选择操作：");
            System.out.println("1. 打印系统列表");
            System.out.println("2. 增加一本新书");
            System.out.println("3. 查找一本书");
            System.out.println("4. 删除一本书");
            System.out.println("5. 离开系统");
            int choice = scanner.nextInt();
            switch (choice) {
                case 1:
                    printBooks();
                    break;
                case 2:
                    addBook();
                    break;
                case 3:
                    findBook();
                    break;
                case 4:
                    deleteBook();
                    break;
                case 5:
                    saveBooks();
                    System.exit(0);
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("无效操作！");
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private void printBooks() {
        for (Book book : bookList) {
            System.out.println(book.getId() + ", " + book.getAuthor() + ", " + book.getTitle() + ", " + book.getPublisher() + ", " + book.getPrice());
        }
    }

    private void addBook() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书号：");
        String id = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入作者姓名：");
        String author = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        String title = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入出版社：");
        String publisher = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入定价：");
        double price = scanner.nextDouble();
        Book newBook = new Book(id, author, title, publisher, price);
        bookList.add(newBook);
    }

    private void findBook() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要查找的书号：");
        String id = scanner.nextLine();
        for (Book book : bookList) {
            if (book.getId().equals(id)) {
                System.out.println(book.getId() + ", " + book.getAuthor() + ", " + book.getTitle() + ", " + book.getPublisher() + ", " + book.getPrice());
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("未找到指定书号的图书！");
    }

    private void deleteBook() {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的书号：");
        String id = scanner.nextLine();
        for (Book book : bookList) {
            if (book.getId().equals(id)) {
                bookList.remove(book);
                System.out.println("删除成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("未找到指定书号的图书！");
    }

    private void saveBooks() {
        try {
            FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
            ObjectOutputStream objectOut = new ObjectOutputStream(fileOut);
            objectOut.writeObject(bookList);
            objectOut.close();
            fileOut.close();
            System.out.println("保存成功！");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("保存失败：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private void loadBooks() {
        try {
            FileInputStream fileIn = new FileInputStream(fileName);
            ObjectInputStream objectIn = new ObjectInputStream(fileIn);
            bookList = (List<Book>) objectIn.readObject();
            objectIn.close();
            fileIn.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("加载旧数据失败：" + e.getMessage());
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println("加载旧数据失败：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

二、全部代码：见上述代码。