plt绘画3d散点图举例，并根据类别数组绘制颜色和形状

好的，可以使用 matplotlib 库来绘制 3D 散点图，并根据类别数组绘制颜色和形状，具体步骤如下：

首先，导入相关的库和模块：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

接着，生成三组随机数据，并为每一组数据设置一个类别数组：

n = 100
x1 = np.random.rand(n)
y1 = np.random.rand(n)
z1 = np.random.rand(n)
category1 = np.zeros(n)

x2 = np.random.rand(n)
y2 = np.random.rand(n)
z2 = np.random.rand(n)
category2 = np.ones(n)

x3 = np.random.rand(n)
y3 = np.random.rand(n)
z3 = np.random.rand(n)
category3 = np.full(n, 2)

然后，创建一个 3D 图形对象：

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

接着，使用 scatter() 方法分别绘制三组散点图，并为每一组散点图设置颜色和形状：

ax.scatter(x1, y1, z1, c=category1, marker='o', cmap='Reds')
ax.scatter(x2, y2, z2, c=category2, marker='s', cmap='Greens')
ax.scatter(x3, y3, z3, c=category3, marker='^', cmap='Blues')

最后，设置坐标轴标签和标题，并显示图形：

ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')
plt.title('3D Scatter Plot with Different Colors and Markers Based on Category')
plt.show()

完整代码如下：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

n = 100
x1 = np.random.rand(n)
y1 = np.random.rand(n)
z1 = np.random.rand(n)
category1 = np.zeros(n)

x2 = np.random.rand(n)
y2 = np.random.rand(n)
z2 = np.random.rand(n)
category2 = np.ones(n)

x3 = np.random.rand(n)
y3 = np.random.rand(n)
z3 = np.random.rand(n)
category3 = np.full(n, 2)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

ax.scatter(x1, y1, z1, c=category1, marker='o', cmap='Reds')
ax.scatter(x2, y2, z2, c=category2, marker='s', cmap='Greens')
ax.scatter(x3, y3, z3, c=category3, marker='^', cmap='Blues')

ax.set_xlabel('X Label')
ax.set_ylabel('Y Label')
ax.set_zlabel('Z Label')
plt.title('3D Scatter Plot with Different Colors and Markers Based on Category')
plt.show()

运行后，会得到一个 3D 散点图，每一组散点图的点具有不同的颜色和形状，颜色和形状根据类别数组设置。