②业:务系统中存在以下sq1语句,有没有需要优化的地方? Select * from T_ USER where user_ id in (select user_ id from T_ PUB_ _MEMBER where pub_ _id=?) And user_ id not in (select user_ id from t_ _pub_ member where pub_ id=?) And on_ _job <> ‘N'
时间: 2023-07-16 14:17:08 浏览: 121
这条SQL语句可以进行优化。我们可以使用JOIN关键字来替代子查询,这样可以减少子查询的次数,提高查询效率。
优化后的SQL语句如下所示:
```
SELECT *
FROM T_USER u
LEFT JOIN T_PUB_MEMBER pm1 ON u.user_id = pm1.user_id AND pm1.pub_id = ?
LEFT JOIN T_PUB_MEMBER pm2 ON u.user_id = pm2.user_id AND pm2.pub_id = ?
WHERE pm1.user_id IS NOT NULL AND pm2.user_id IS NULL AND u.on_job <> 'N'
```
这条SQL语句使用两个LEFT JOIN关键字,将T_USER表和T_PUB_MEMBER表连接起来。第一个LEFT JOIN连接的是T_PUB_MEMBER表中pub_id等于指定值的记录,第二个LEFT JOIN连接的是T_PUB_MEMBER表中pub_id不等于指定值的记录。最后使用WHERE子句过滤出符合条件的记录。
优化后的SQL语句可以减少子查询的次数,提高查询效率。
相关问题
②业:务系统中存在以下sq1语句,有没有需要优化的地方?[回答几个点]? Select * from T_ USER where user_ id in (select user_ id from T_ PUB_ _MEMBER where pub_ _id=?) And user_ id not in (select user_ id from t_ _pub_ member where pub_ id=?) And on_ _job <> ‘N'
根据这个 SQL 语句,可以考虑以下优化点:
1. 使用 JOIN 语句代替子查询,因为子查询在数据量较大时性能会较差。
2. 对于 IN 子句中的多个值,可以使用 EXISTS 替代 IN,因为 EXISTS 更高效。
3. 需要对 WHERE 子句中的字段建立索引,以提高查询效率。
下面是优化后的 SQL 语句示例:
```
SELECT T_USER.*
FROM T_USER
JOIN T_PUB_MEMBER tpm1 ON T_USER.user_id = tpm1.user_id AND tpm1.pub_id = ?
LEFT JOIN T_PUB_MEMBER tpm2 ON T_USER.user_id = tpm2.user_id AND tpm2.pub_id = ?
WHERE T_USER.on_job <> 'N' AND tpm2.user_id IS NULL;
```
其中,第一个 JOIN 子句用于连接 T_USER 和 T_PUB_MEMBER 表,并筛选出 pub_id = ? 的记录;第二个 LEFT JOIN 子句用于排除 pub_id = ? 的记录;最后的 WHERE 子句用于筛选出 on_job 不等于 'N' 的记录。
帮我随便创建一个数据库,以下的所有要求都是用sq|语句实现1.至少包含5个表,每个表中至少有10条数据,至少2个表有外键.2.使用模式匹配查询,使用top查询,in查询,降序查询,使用count集合函数查询,分组统计查询,使用连接条件的多表查询,比较运算符的子查询,使用in的子查询.3.创建视图并使用4.创建索引5.创建唯一性约束,检查约束,默认值约束,外键约束。6.创建一个存储过程并使用7.在某个表中创建一个插入和更新的dml触发器
好的,以下是针对上述要求的 SQL 语句实现:
1. 创建数据库及表
```sql
CREATE DATABASE mydatabase;
USE mydatabase;
CREATE TABLE table1 (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
age INT,
address VARCHAR(100)
);
CREATE TABLE table2 (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
user_id INT,
product_name VARCHAR(50),
price DECIMAL(10, 2),
FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES table1(id)
);
CREATE TABLE table3 (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
category VARCHAR(50),
quantity INT,
price DECIMAL(10, 2)
);
CREATE TABLE table4 (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
order_id INT,
product_id INT,
quantity INT,
price DECIMAL(10, 2),
FOREIGN KEY (order_id) REFERENCES table5(id),
FOREIGN KEY (product_id) REFERENCES table2(id)
);
CREATE TABLE table5 (
id INT PRIMARY KEY,
date DATETIME,
customer_id INT,
total_price DECIMAL(10, 2),
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES table1(id)
);
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES
(1, 'Alice', 25, '123 Main St'),
(2, 'Bob', 30, '456 Maple Ave'),
(3, 'Charlie', 35, '789 Oak Blvd'),
(4, 'David', 40, 'ABC Street'),
(5, 'Eve', 45, 'XYZ Road'),
(6, 'Frank', 50, 'PQR Lane'),
(7, 'Grace', 55, 'MNO Street'),
(8, 'Henry', 60, 'DEF Ave'),
(9, 'Ivy', 65, 'GHI Blvd'),
(10, 'John', 70, 'JKL Road');
INSERT INTO table2 VALUES
(1, 1, 'Laptop', 1000.00),
(2, 1, 'Phone', 500.00),
(3, 2, 'Tablet', 800.00),
(4, 2, 'Headphone', 200.00),
(5, 3, 'Smart Watch', 300.00),
(6, 3, 'Camera', 700.00),
(7, 4, 'TV', 1500.00),
(8, 4, 'Speaker', 400.00),
(9, 5, 'Gaming Console', 1200.00),
(10, 5, 'Monitor', 600.00);
INSERT INTO table3 VALUES
(1, 'Electronics', 50, 1000.00),
(2, 'Clothing', 100, 500.00),
(3, 'Home Appliances', 25, 1500.00),
(4, 'Books', 200, 200.00),
(5, 'Beauty', 75, 300.00),
(6, 'Toys', 150, 250.00),
(7, 'Jewelry', 50, 10000.00),
(8, 'Sports', 100, 400.00),
(9, 'Furniture', 50, 2000.00),
(10, 'Food', 500, 5.00);
INSERT INTO table5 VALUES
(1, '2021-01-01 10:00:00', 1, 1500.00),
(2, '2021-01-02 11:00:00', 2, 1000.00),
(3, '2021-01-03 12:00:00', 3, 500.00),
(4, '2021-01-04 09:00:00', 4, 2000.00),
(5, '2021-01-05 13:00:00', 5, 1800.00),
(6, '2021-01-06 14:00:00', 6, 900.00),
(7, '2021-01-07 15:00:00', 7, 1200.00),
(8, '2021-01-08 16:00:00', 8, 800.00),
(9, '2021-01-09 17:00:00', 9, 3000.00),
(10, '2021-01-10 18:00:00', 10, 1500.00);
INSERT INTO table4 VALUES
(1, 1, 1, 2, 2000.00),
(2, 2, 2, 1, 500.00),
(3, 3, 3, 3, 2400.00),
(4, 4, 4, 4, 800.00),
(5, 5, 5, 2, 600.00),
(6, 6, 6, 1, 700.00),
(7, 7, 7, 3, 4500.00),
(8, 8, 8, 2, 800.00),
(9, 9, 9, 1, 2000.00),
(10, 10, 10, 3, 1800.00);
```
2. 使用查询语句
```sql
-- 模式匹配查询
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE name LIKE 'A%';
-- Top查询
SELECT TOP 3 * FROM table2 ORDER BY price DESC;
-- IN查询
SELECT * FROM table3 WHERE category IN ('Clothing', 'Sports');
-- 降序查询
SELECT * FROM table4 ORDER BY price DESC;
-- COUNT集合函数查询
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table5 WHERE total_price > 1000;
-- 分组统计查询
SELECT category, SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity, AVG(price) AS avg_price FROM table3 GROUP BY category;
-- 连接条件的多表查询
SELECT table5.date, table1.name, table2.product_name, table4.quantity, table4.price FROM table5
JOIN table1 ON table5.customer_id = table1.id
JOIN table4 ON table5.id = table4.order_id
JOIN table2 ON table4.product_id = table2.id
ORDER BY table5.date;
-- 比较运算符的子查询
SELECT * FROM table4 WHERE price > (SELECT AVG(price) FROM table2);
-- IN的子查询
SELECT * FROM table2 WHERE id IN (SELECT product_id FROM table4 WHERE quantity > 2);
```
3. 创建视图
```sql
CREATE VIEW view1 AS
SELECT table1.name, table2.product_name, table4.quantity, table4.price
FROM table1
JOIN table5 ON table1.id = table5.customer_id
JOIN table4 ON table5.id = table4.order_id
JOIN table2 ON table4.product_id = table2.id;
```
4. 创建索引
```sql
CREATE INDEX idx_name ON table1(name);
```
5. 创建约束
```sql
-- 唯一性约束
ALTER TABLE table3 ADD CONSTRAINT uc_category UNIQUE(category);
-- 检查约束
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD CONSTRAINT chk_age CHECK(age >= 18);
-- 默认值约束
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD CONSTRAINT df_address DEFAULT 'Unknown' FOR address;
-- 外键约束
ALTER TABLE table4 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_order_id FOREIGN KEY (order_id) REFERENCES table5(id);
```
6. 创建存储过程
```sql
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_get_order_total_price (IN order_id INT, OUT total_price DECIMAL(10,2))
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(price * quantity) INTO total_price FROM table4 WHERE order_id = order_id;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
```
7. 创建触发器
```sql
CREATE TRIGGER tr_update_price AFTER UPDATE ON table2 FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
UPDATE table4 SET price = NEW.price WHERE product_id = NEW.id;
END;
```
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