写一个学生选课系统用c语言,用到的知识点有文件操作和链表
时间: 2024-02-12 07:08:06 浏览: 67
好的,我可以为您提供一个基本的学生选课系统的实现,以下是代码:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX 100
// 定义课程结构体
typedef struct course {
char name[20]; // 课程名称
int credit; // 课程学分
int capacity; // 课程容量
int count; // 已选人数
struct student *head; // 学生链表头指针
} Course;
// 定义学生结构体
typedef struct student {
char name[20]; // 学生姓名
int id; // 学生学号
struct student *next; // 学生链表下一个指针
} Student;
// 定义全局变量
int num_courses = 0; // 课程数量
Course courses[MAX]; // 课程数组
// 函数声明
void read_courses(); // 读取课程信息
void print_courses(); // 打印课程信息
void select_course(); // 选课
void print_students(); // 打印已选学生信息
void save_courses(); // 保存课程信息到文件
void read_students(Course *c); // 读取学生信息
void save_students(Course *c); // 保存学生信息到文件
int main() {
int choice;
read_courses(); // 读取课程信息
while (1) {
printf("请选择操作:\n");
printf("1. 查看所有课程\n");
printf("2. 选课\n");
printf("3. 查看已选学生\n");
printf("4. 退出\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1:
print_courses();
break;
case 2:
select_course();
break;
case 3:
print_students();
break;
case 4:
save_courses(); // 保存课程信息到文件
for (int i = 0; i < num_courses; i++) {
save_students(&courses[i]); // 保存学生信息到文件
}
printf("谢谢使用!\n");
return 0;
default:
printf("输入错误,请重新输入!\n");
break;
}
}
}
// 读取课程信息
void read_courses() {
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("courses.txt", "r");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("文件打开失败!\n");
exit(1);
}
char name[20];
int credit, capacity;
while (fscanf(fp, "%s %d %d", name, &credit, &capacity) != EOF) {
strcpy(courses[num_courses].name, name);
courses[num_courses].credit = credit;
courses[num_courses].capacity = capacity;
courses[num_courses].count = 0;
courses[num_courses].head = NULL;
num_courses++;
}
fclose(fp);
}
// 打印课程信息
void print_courses() {
printf("课程名称\t学分\t容量\t已选人数\n");
for (int i = 0; i < num_courses; i++) {
printf("%s\t\t%d\t%d\t%d\n", courses[i].name, courses[i].credit, courses[i].capacity, courses[i].count);
}
}
// 选课
void select_course() {
char name[20];
int id;
printf("请输入您的姓名和学号:\n");
scanf("%s %d", name, &id);
int flag = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < num_courses; i++) {
printf("%d. %s\n", i+1, courses[i].name);
}
printf("请选择您要选的课程序号:\n");
int choice;
scanf("%d", &choice);
if (choice < 1 || choice > num_courses) {
printf("输入错误!\n");
return;
}
Course *c = &courses[choice-1];
if (c->count == c->capacity) {
printf("课程已满,选课失败!\n");
return;
}
Student *s = (Student *)malloc(sizeof(Student));
strcpy(s->name, name);
s->id = id;
s->next = NULL;
if (c->head == NULL) {
c->head = s;
} else {
Student *p = c->head;
while (p->next != NULL) {
p = p->next;
}
p->next = s;
}
c->count++;
printf("选课成功!\n");
}
// 打印已选学生信息
void print_students() {
for (int i = 0; i < num_courses; i++) {
printf("课程名称:%s\n", courses[i].name);
printf("已选学生:\n");
Student *p = courses[i].head;
while (p != NULL) {
printf("%s\t%d\n", p->name, p->id);
p = p->next;
}
}
}
// 保存课程信息到文件
void save_courses() {
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("courses.txt", "w");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("文件打开失败!\n");
exit(1);
}
for (int i = 0; i < num_courses; i++) {
fprintf(fp, "%s %d %d\n", courses[i].name, courses[i].credit, courses[i].capacity);
}
fclose(fp);
}
// 读取学生信息
void read_students(Course *c) {
char filename[30];
sprintf(filename, "%s.txt", c->name); // 文件名为课程名称.txt
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(filename, "r");
if (fp == NULL) {
return;
}
int id;
char name[20];
while (fscanf(fp, "%s %d", name, &id) != EOF) {
Student *s = (Student *)malloc(sizeof(Student));
strcpy(s->name, name);
s->id = id;
s->next = NULL;
if (c->head == NULL) {
c->head = s;
} else {
Student *p = c->head;
while (p->next != NULL) {
p = p->next;
}
p->next = s;
}
c->count++;
}
fclose(fp);
}
// 保存学生信息到文件
void save_students(Course *c) {
char filename[30];
sprintf(filename, "%s.txt", c->name); // 文件名为课程名称.txt
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen(filename, "w");
if (fp == NULL) {
printf("文件打开失败!\n");
exit(1);
}
Student *p = c->head;
while (p != NULL) {
fprintf(fp, "%s %d\n", p->name, p->id);
p = p->next;
}
fclose(fp);
}
```
该程序使用了文件操作和链表两个知识点,实现了一个基本的学生选课系统,包括查看所有课程、选课、查看已选学生等功能。其中,课程和学生信息均保存在文件中,每个课程的学生信息使用链表存储。
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