jwt和shiro的区别

JWT（JSON Web Token）和Shiro都是用于身份验证和授权的工具，但是它们之间有一些区别。

JWT是一种开放的标准，可以在不同的系统中共享和使用，它使用JSON格式来传输信息，包括身份验证和授权信息。JWT通常被用于跨域认证，例如，当用户从一个系统登录后，可以使用JWT在另一个系统中进行身份验证。同时，JWT也可以用于无状态的身份验证，即服务器不需要保存会话状态就可以验证用户身份。

而Shiro是一个Java安全框架，提供了身份验证、授权、加密和会话管理等功能。Shiro支持多种身份验证方式，包括基于表单的身份验证、基于双因素认证的身份验证等。Shiro也支持多种授权策略，包括基于角色的授权、基于权限的授权等。

总的来说，JWT更适合用于跨域身份验证和无状态身份验证，而Shiro则更适合用于Java应用程序的身份验证和授权。

相关问题

jwt和shiro的流程

两者都是用户认证和授权的框架，但具体流程略有不同。JWT令牌通常用于前后端分离的应用中，它在用户登录成功后颁发一个JWT令牌，包含用户信息和过期时间，前端存储在localStorage或cookie中，后续请求时在请求头上带上这个JWT令牌，后端通过解析令牌验证用户是否授权，从而判断是否允许访问对应API。

而Shiro是一个基于RBAC(基于角色的访问控制)的安全框架，它提供了认证、授权、加密、会话管理等功能，Shiro的认证流程一般包括用户向Shiro提供用户名和密码，Shiro通过Realm获取用户数据进行比对，最终返回一个Subject对象表示用户身份和权限信息，前端在后续请求时带上Subject信息，在Shiro过滤器中进行拦截和权限判断。

springboot整和jwt、shiro、redis

Spring Boot可以集成JWT、Shiro和Redis来实现身份认证和授权，以下是一个基本的实现步骤：

1. 集成JWT

添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

创建JWT工具类

public class JwtUtils {
    private static final String SECRET_KEY = "jwt_secret_key";
    private static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 864_000_000; // 10天

    public static String generateToken(String subject) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setSubject(subject)
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRATION_TIME))
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET_KEY)
                .compact();
    }

    public static String getSubject(String token) {
        try {
            return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody().getSubject();
        } catch (JwtException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

使用JWT进行身份认证

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserController {
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<?> login(@RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        // 验证用户名密码
        if (userValid(loginRequest.getUsername(), loginRequest.getPassword())) {
            String token = JwtUtils.generateToken(loginRequest.getUsername());
            return ResponseEntity.ok(new JwtResponse(token));
        } else {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED).build();
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public ResponseEntity<?> getUser(@RequestHeader("Authorization") String authHeader) {
        String token = authHeader.substring(7);
        String subject = JwtUtils.getSubject(token);
        if (subject != null) {
            User user = getUserByUsername(subject);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
        } else {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED).build();
        }
    }
}

2. 集成Shiro

添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.1</version>
</dependency>

配置Shiro

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    @Bean
    public Realm realm() {
        return new UserRealm();
    }

    @Bean
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager() {
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        securityManager.setRealm(realm());
        return securityManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean() {
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager());
        Map<String, String> filterChainDefinitionMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/api/login", "anon");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/api/logout", "logout");
        filterChainDefinitionMap.put("/api/**", "authc");
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterChainDefinitionMap);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }

    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterChainDefinition shiroFilterChainDefinition() {
        DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition chainDefinition = new DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition();
        chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/api/login", "anon");
        chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/api/logout", "logout");
        chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/api/**", "authc");
        return chainDefinition;
    }
}

创建UserRealm

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        String username = (String) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        Set<String> roles = getUserRoles(username);
        Set<String> permissions = getUserPermissions(username);
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        authorizationInfo.setRoles(roles);
        authorizationInfo.setStringPermissions(permissions);
        return authorizationInfo;
    }

    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        String username = (String) token.getPrincipal();
        String password = getPasswordByUsername(username);
        if (password == null) {
            throw new UnknownAccountException();
        }
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(username, password, getName());
    }
}

使用Shiro进行身份认证

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class UserController {
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<?> login(@RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(loginRequest.getUsername(), loginRequest.getPassword());
        try {
            subject.login(token);
            String jwtToken = JwtUtils.generateToken(loginRequest.getUsername());
            return ResponseEntity.ok(new JwtResponse(jwtToken));
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED).build();
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public ResponseEntity<?> getUser() {
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        if (subject.isAuthenticated()) {
            String username = (String) subject.getPrincipal();
            User user = getUserByUsername(username);
            return ResponseEntity.ok(user);
        } else {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED).build();
        }
    }

    @PostMapping("/logout")
    public ResponseEntity<?> logout() {
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        subject.logout();
        return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
    }
}

3. 集成Redis

添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>

配置Redis

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory);
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class));
        return redisTemplate;
    }

    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofHours(1));
        return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory)
                .cacheDefaults(config)
                .build();
    }
}

实现Redis缓存

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private final UserRepository userRepository;
    private final RedisTemplate<String, User> redisTemplate;
    private final CacheManager cacheManager;

    public UserServiceImpl(UserRepository userRepository, RedisTemplate<String, User> redisTemplate, CacheManager cacheManager) {
        this.userRepository = userRepository;
        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
        this.cacheManager = cacheManager;
    }

    @Override
    public User getUserById(Long id) {
        String key = "user:" + id;
        ValueOperations<String, User> ops = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
        if (redisTemplate.hasKey(key)) {
            return ops.get(key);
        } else {
            User user = userRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
            if (user != null) {
                ops.set(key, user);
                Cache cache = cacheManager.getCache("userCache");
                if (cache != null) {
                    cache.put(key, user);
                }
            }
            return user;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void updateUser(User user) {
        userRepository.save(user);
        String key = "user:" + user.getId();
        redisTemplate.delete(key);
        Cache cache = cacheManager.getCache("userCache");
        if (cache != null) {
            cache.evict(key);
        }
    }
}

以上是整合Spring Boot、JWT、Shiro和Redis的基本实现步骤，具体实现可以根据自己的需求进行调整和扩展。