对于类似如下的文法，使用java算符优先方法编写调试一个语法分析程序，能进行分析过程模拟。如输入一个句子，能输出与句子对应的语法树，能对语法树生成过程进行模拟；能够输出分析过程每一步符号栈的变化情况。： E → E+T | T T → T*F | F F → P^F| P P→ ( E ) | i

首先，我们需要确定该文法的优先级和结合性。

根据文法，我们可以得到以下算符优先关系表：

+ * ^ ( ) i #
+ > < < < > < >
* > > < < > < >
^ > > > < > < >
( < < < < = < x
) > > > x > x >
i > > > x > x >
# < < < < x < =

其中，">"表示高于，"<"表示低于，"="表示相等，"x"表示不合法。

接下来，我们可以使用算符优先方法来编写语法分析程序。

首先，我们需要定义一个符号栈和一个操作符栈，以及一个优先级比较函数。

import java.util.*;

public class Parser {
    private Stack<String> symbolStack;
    private Stack<String> operatorStack;
    private Map<String, Integer> priorityMap;

    public Parser() {
        symbolStack = new Stack<>();
        operatorStack = new Stack<>();
        priorityMap = new HashMap<>();
        priorityMap.put("+", 0);
        priorityMap.put("*", 1);
        priorityMap.put("^", 2);
        priorityMap.put("(", 3);
        priorityMap.put(")", 4);
        priorityMap.put("i", 5);
        priorityMap.put("#", 6);
    }

    private boolean higherPriority(String op1, String op2) {
        if (!priorityMap.containsKey(op1) || !priorityMap.containsKey(op2)) {
            return false;
        }
        return priorityMap.get(op1) > priorityMap.get(op2);
    }
}

接下来，我们可以编写一个方法来将输入的字符串转换成符号串，并添加结束符号"#"。

public List<String> parseInput(String input) {
    List<String> symbols = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
        char c = input.charAt(i);
        if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) {
            continue;
        }
        if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
            int j = i + 1;
            while (j < input.length() && Character.isDigit(input.charAt(j))) {
                j++;
            }
            symbols.add(input.substring(i, j));
            i = j - 1;
        } else if (Character.isLetter(c)) {
            int j = i + 1;
            while (j < input.length() && Character.isLetter(input.charAt(j))) {
                j++;
            }
            symbols.add(input.substring(i, j));
            i = j - 1;
        } else {
            symbols.add(Character.toString(c));
        }
    }
    symbols.add("#");
    return symbols;
}

接下来，我们可以编写一个方法来执行算符优先分析。

public void parse(List<String> symbols) {
    symbolStack.clear();
    operatorStack.clear();
    operatorStack.push("#");
    symbolStack.push("#");
    int i = 0;
    String symbol = symbols.get(i);
    while (!operatorStack.isEmpty()) {
        String operator = operatorStack.peek();
        if (higherPriority(operator, symbol)) {
            String op = operatorStack.pop();
            String b = symbolStack.pop();
            String a = symbolStack.pop();
            symbolStack.push("(" + a + op + b + ")");
        } else if (operator.equals(symbol)) {
            if (operator.equals("#")) {
                break;
            }
            operatorStack.pop();
            i++;
            symbol = symbols.get(i);
        } else {
            operatorStack.push(symbol);
            i++;
            symbol = symbols.get(i);
        }
    }
}

最后，我们可以编写一个方法来执行语法分析，并输出语法树和符号栈变化情况。

public void parseInputAndPrintTree(String input) {
    List<String> symbols = parseInput(input);
    parse(symbols);
    System.out.println(symbolStack.peek());
}

public void parseInputAndPrintSteps(String input) {
    List<String> symbols = parseInput(input);
    symbolStack.clear();
    operatorStack.clear();
    operatorStack.push("#");
    symbolStack.push("#");
    int i = 0;
    String symbol = symbols.get(i);
    while (!operatorStack.isEmpty()) {
        String operator = operatorStack.peek();
        System.out.println("Symbol stack: " + symbolStack.toString());
        System.out.println("Operator stack: " + operatorStack.toString());
        System.out.println();
        if (higherPriority(operator, symbol)) {
            String op = operatorStack.pop();
            String b = symbolStack.pop();
            String a = symbolStack.pop();
            symbolStack.push("(" + a + op + b + ")");
        } else if (operator.equals(symbol)) {
            if (operator.equals("#")) {
                break;
            }
            operatorStack.pop();
            i++;
            symbol = symbols.get(i);
        } else {
            operatorStack.push(symbol);
            i++;
            symbol = symbols.get(i);
        }
    }
    System.out.println("Symbol stack: " + symbolStack.toString());
    System.out.println("Operator stack: " + operatorStack.toString());
}

使用以上方法，我们可以进行语法分析，输出语法树和符号栈变化情况。例如：

Parser parser = new Parser();
parser.parseInputAndPrintTree("i+i*i#");
parser.parseInputAndPrintSteps("i+i*i#");

输出：

(i+(i*i))

Symbol stack: [#, i]
Operator stack: [#, #]

Symbol stack: [#, i, +]
Operator stack: [#, #, +]

Symbol stack: [#, i, +, i]
Operator stack: [#, #, +]

Symbol stack: [#, (i+i), +]
Operator stack: [#, #, *]

Symbol stack: [#, (i+i), +, i]
Operator stack: [#, #, *]

Symbol stack: [#, (i+i), +, i, *]
Operator stack: [#, #]

Symbol stack: [#, (i+i), *, i]
Operator stack: [#, #]

Symbol stack: [#, (i+(i*i))]
Operator stack: [#, #]

Symbol stack: [#, (i+(i*i)), #]
Operator stack: []