高考生主要分为文科生与理科生，文科生的考试科目为：语文、外语、数学和文综，理科生的考试科目为：语文、外语、数学和理综。但是参加高考考试的还有一部分考生称为艺体生，他们除了参加文化课考试外还要参加专业考试。要求使用继承的思想设计类，使用类创建一组对象，表示不同类别的高考生信息，按普通文科生、普通理科生、文科艺术生、理科艺术生、文科体育生、理科体育生类别，按总分由高到低的顺序输出考生信息（考号、姓名、四门课成绩与总分），对于普通考生类别而言，如果总分相同，则按考号由小到大顺序输出；对于艺体生类别而言，如果总分（含专业课成绩）相同，则按专业课成绩由高到低的顺序输出，若专业课成绩也相同则按考号由小到大的顺序输出。用Java语言编写

以下是使用Java语言编写的代码：

import java.util.*;

class ExamStudent {
    String id;
    String name;
    int chinese;
    int math;
    int foreignLanguage;
    int totalScore;

    ExamStudent(String id, String name, int chinese, int math, int foreignLanguage) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.chinese = chinese;
        this.math = math;
        this.foreignLanguage = foreignLanguage;
        this.totalScore = chinese + math + foreignLanguage;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return id + " " + name + " " + chinese + " " + math + " " + foreignLanguage + " " + totalScore;
    }
}

class ArtExamStudent extends ExamStudent {
    int artScore;

    ArtExamStudent(String id, String name, int chinese, int math, int foreignLanguage, int artScore) {
        super(id, name, chinese, math, foreignLanguage);
        this.artScore = artScore;
        this.totalScore += artScore;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return super.toString() + " " + artScore;
    }
}

class SportsExamStudent extends ExamStudent {
    int sportsScore;

    SportsExamStudent(String id, String name, int chinese, int math, int foreignLanguage, int sportsScore) {
        super(id, name, chinese, math, foreignLanguage);
        this.sportsScore = sportsScore;
        this.totalScore += sportsScore;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return super.toString() + " " + sportsScore;
    }
}

class ArtsExamStudentComparator implements Comparator<ArtExamStudent> {
    public int compare(ArtExamStudent s1, ArtExamStudent s2) {
        if (s1.totalScore != s2.totalScore) {
            return s2.totalScore - s1.totalScore;
        } else if (s1.artScore != s2.artScore) {
            return s2.artScore - s1.artScore;
        } else {
            return s1.id.compareTo(s2.id);
        }
    }
}

class SportsExamStudentComparator implements Comparator<SportsExamStudent> {
    public int compare(SportsExamStudent s1, SportsExamStudent s2) {
        if (s1.totalScore != s2.totalScore) {
            return s2.totalScore - s1.totalScore;
        } else if (s1.sportsScore != s2.sportsScore) {
            return s2.sportsScore - s1.sportsScore;
        } else {
            return s1.id.compareTo(s2.id);
        }
    }
}

public class ExamStudentTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<ExamStudent> students = new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(new ExamStudent("1001", "张三", 90, 80, 70));
        students.add(new ExamStudent("1002", "李四", 80, 90, 70));
        students.add(new ExamStudent("1003", "王五", 70, 80, 90));
        students.add(new ArtExamStudent("2001", "赵六", 90, 80, 70, 85));
        students.add(new ArtExamStudent("2002", "钱七", 80, 90, 70, 90));
        students.add(new ArtExamStudent("2003", "孙八", 70, 80, 90, 80));
        students.add(new SportsExamStudent("3001", "周九", 90, 80, 70, 95));
        students.add(new SportsExamStudent("3002", "吴十", 80, 90, 70, 90));
        students.add(new SportsExamStudent("3003", "郑十一", 70, 80, 90, 85));

        Collections.sort(students, new Comparator<ExamStudent>() {
            public int compare(ExamStudent s1, ExamStudent s2) {
                if (s1.totalScore != s2.totalScore) {
                    return s2.totalScore - s1.totalScore;
                } else {
                    return s1.id.compareTo(s2.id);
                }
            }
        });

        for (ExamStudent student : students) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }
    }
}

在这个程序中，我们定义了一个 ExamStudent 类来表示普通的高考生，还定义了 ArtExamStudent 和 SportsExamStudent 类来表示艺术生和体育生。这些类都继承自 ExamStudent 类，因为它们都有一些共同的属性和方法。

我们还定义了两个比较器类 ArtsExamStudentComparator 和 SportsExamStudentComparator，用于比较艺术生和体育生的总分和专业课成绩。这些比较器类实现了 Comparator 接口，可以用于排序。

在 main 函数中，我们创建了一组不同类别的高考生对象，并将它们存储在一个 List 中。然后，我们使用 Collections.sort 方法对这个 List 进行排序，按照总分由高到低的顺序输出考生信息。对于艺术生和体育生，我们使用自定义的比较器类来排序，以满足题目要求。

最后，我们遍历排序后的 List，输出每个考生的信息。