pymysql.err.OperationalError: (1698, "Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'")

This error message indicates that the user 'root' does not have the necessary permissions to access the MySQL database on localhost. This may be due to incorrect or missing login credentials, insufficient privileges, or a configuration error in MySQL. To resolve this issue, you may need to check your MySQL settings and ensure that the 'root' user has the appropriate permissions to access the database. You may also need to check your login credentials and ensure that they are correct.

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sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (pymysql.err.OperationalError) (1698, "Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'")

This error message indicates that the user 'root' does not have the necessary permissions to access the database at 'localhost'. There are a few possible reasons for this error:

1. Incorrect username or password: Double-check that you are using the correct username and password to connect to the database.

2. Permissions issue: The user 'root' may not have the necessary permissions to access the database. Try granting the user appropriate permissions using the GRANT command.

3. Firewall or network issue: There may be a firewall or network issue preventing the user from accessing the database. Check that the necessary ports are open and that there are no network connectivity issues.

pymysql.err.OperationalError: (1045, "Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES

这个错误提示表明你使用 root 用户连接数据库时密码不正确，或者该用户没有权限连接到本地主机（localhost）上的数据库。

你可以尝试以下几个步骤来解决这个问题：

1. 确认 root 用户的密码是否正确。你可以尝试使用该密码登录 MySQL 命令行客户端，如果登录成功，则密码正确。

2. 确认 root 用户是否有权限连接到本地主机上的数据库。你可以使用以下命令查看 root 用户的权限：

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'root'@'localhost';

如果该用户没有权限连接到本地主机上的数据库，你需要为该用户授权：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

其中，password 是你要为该用户设置的密码。

3. 如果以上步骤都没有解决问题，你可以尝试重新安装 MySQL，并使用默认的 root 用户密码登录。默认情况下，root 用户的密码为空。