MATLAB Viterbi 算法译码代码
时间: 2023-07-28 18:07:59 浏览: 114
以下是MATLAB实现的Viterbi算法译码代码:
```matlab
function [decoded_bits] = viterbi_decode(received_bits, trellis)
% received_bits: 接收到的码字
% trellis: 分组卷积码的状态转移矩阵
num_states = size(trellis.nextStates, 1); % 状态数
num_inputs = size(trellis.outputs, 2); % 输入数
% 初始化变量
survivor_paths = zeros(num_states, length(received_bits));
survivor_metrics = Inf(num_states, 1);
survivor_metrics(1) = 0;
% 逐个处理接收到的码元
for i = 1:length(received_bits)
input = received_bits(i) + 1; % 码元作为输入,加1为了将0/1转换为1/2
for j = 1:num_states
prev_states = trellis.nextStates(j, :); % 所有前一状态
prev_metrics = survivor_metrics(prev_states); % 所有前一状态的路径度量
branch_metrics = trellis.outputs(j, input); % 转移分支度量
path_metrics = prev_metrics + branch_metrics; % 路径度量
[min_metric, min_state] = min(path_metrics); % 最小度量和对应的前一状态
survivor_paths(j, 1:i-1) = survivor_paths(prev_states(min_state), 1:i-1); % 拷贝最优路径
survivor_paths(j, i) = j-1; % 记录当前状态
survivor_metrics(j) = min_metric; % 更新路径度量
end
end
% 回溯找到最优路径
final_metric = survivor_metrics(1);
final_state = 1;
for i = 2:num_states
if survivor_metrics(i) < final_metric
final_metric = survivor_metrics(i);
final_state = i;
end
end
decoded_bits = zeros(1, length(received_bits)/2);
for i = length(received_bits)/2:-1:1
decoded_bits(i) = trellis.outputs(final_state, received_bits(2*i-1:2*i)+1) == 2;
final_state = survivor_paths(final_state, i);
end
```
其中,`trellis`是分组卷积码的状态转移矩阵,可以通过MATLAB自带的`poly2trellis`函数生成。`received_bits`是接收到的码字,根据码率不同,它的长度也不同。`decoded_bits`是解码后得到的比特流,它的长度为接收到的码字长度的一半。
使用示例:
```matlab
% 生成分组卷积码的状态转移矩阵
constraint_length = 7; % 约束长度
code_rate = 1/2; % 码率
poly = [171 133]; % 生成多项式
trellis = poly2trellis(constraint_length, poly);
% 生成随机比特流作为发送端的码字
tx_bits = randi([0 1], 1, 1000);
% 编码得到码字
enc_bits = convenc(tx_bits, trellis);
% 模拟信道传输,加入高斯白噪声
snr = 10; % 信噪比
rx_bits = awgn(enc_bits, snr, 'measured');
% 解码得到比特流
decoded_bits = viterbi_decode(rx_bits, trellis);
% 计算误比特率
num_errors = sum(abs(decoded_bits - tx_bits));
ber = num_errors / length(tx_bits);
fprintf('SNR=%d dB, BER=%e\n', snr, ber);
```
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