C语言尝试定义一个这样的结构体： 小明的班级里有若干学生，每个学生都拥有姓名、学号、数学成绩、语文成绩、英语成绩、总分、排名。

你可以这样定义一个类似于这样的结构体：

struct student {
    char name[20];      // 姓名
    int number;         // 学号
    float math_score;   // 数学成绩
    float chinese_score;// 语文成绩
    float english_score;// 英语成绩
    float total_score;  // 总分
    int rank;           // 排名
};

struct class {
    struct student stu[100];    // 班级中的学生，假设不超过100人
    int num;                    // 班级中学生的人数
};

这里定义了两个结构体，一个是 `student` 表示学生信息，包括姓名、学号、数学成绩、语文成绩、英语成绩、总分、排名；另一个是 `class` 表示班级信息，包括班级中的学生和学生人数。

相关问题

编写C语言程序，定义一个高考成绩记录信息的结构体，包含考试号（stuNo）、姓名（name）、语文成绩（chnScore）、数学成绩（mathScore）、英语成绩（engScore）、平均成绩（avgScore）， （1）通过scanf函数从终端输入十个学生信息，保存到结构体数组中： （可以允许在程序初始化的时候初始化这些信息【因为程序调试的输入成本太高，所以允许大家直接初始化这个信息】，但是scanf函数必须定义出来。 （2）计算每个学生的三门课的平均成绩，结果保存到avgscore成员变量中 （3）按照原始输入顺序打印所有学生的信息（一行打印一个学生的信息） （4）按照平均分由高到低输出学生的信息 （5）输出英语成绩最低的同学的信息；输出平均成绩最高的同学的信息 （6）输出数学分数最高的五个学生的学号、姓名和数学成绩信息; （7）输出数学分数最高且英语分数高于75分的三个学生的信息; （8）输出按照以语文成绩由高分到低分排序的学生信息，如果语文成绩相同，按 照数学成绩由高到低排序输出。 （9）再从键盘获取学号，根据学号查询是否有该学号的记录，如果有，就输出该 学号对应的学生的信息，如果没有则输出查无此人。

以下是代码实现：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_STUDENT 10

struct Student {
    int stuNo;
    char name[20];
    int chnScore;
    int mathScore;
    int engScore;
    float avgScore;
};

void initStudent(struct Student *s) {
    s->stuNo = 0;
    strcpy(s->name, "");
    s->chnScore = 0;
    s->mathScore = 0;
    s->engScore = 0;
    s->avgScore = 0.0;
}

void inputStudent(struct Student *s) {
    printf("请输入考试号：");
    scanf("%d", &s->stuNo);
    printf("请输入姓名：");
    scanf("%s", s->name);
    printf("请输入语文成绩：");
    scanf("%d", &s->chnScore);
    printf("请输入数学成绩：");
    scanf("%d", &s->mathScore);
    printf("请输入英语成绩：");
    scanf("%d", &s->engScore);
    s->avgScore = (s->chnScore + s->mathScore + s->engScore) / 3.0;
}

void printStudent(struct Student s) {
    printf("%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\t%d\t%.2f\n", s.stuNo, s.name, s.chnScore, s.mathScore, s.engScore, s.avgScore);
}

void printStudents(struct Student *students, int n) {
    printf("所有学生信息：\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printStudent(students[i]);
    }
}

void sortStudentsByAvgScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            if (students[i].avgScore < students[j].avgScore) {
                struct Student temp = students[i];
                students[i] = students[j];
                students[j] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

void printStudentWithLowestEngScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    int minEngScore = students[0].engScore;
    int minEngScoreIndex = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        if (students[i].engScore < minEngScore) {
            minEngScore = students[i].engScore;
            minEngScoreIndex = i;
        }
    }
    printf("英语成绩最低的同学信息：\n");
    printStudent(students[minEngScoreIndex]);
}

void printStudentWithHighestAvgScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    float maxAvgScore = students[0].avgScore;
    int maxAvgScoreIndex = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        if (students[i].avgScore > maxAvgScore) {
            maxAvgScore = students[i].avgScore;
            maxAvgScoreIndex = i;
        }
    }
    printf("平均成绩最高的同学信息：\n");
    printStudent(students[maxAvgScoreIndex]);
}

void sortStudentsByMathScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            if (students[i].mathScore < students[j].mathScore) {
                struct Student temp = students[i];
                students[i] = students[j];
                students[j] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

void printTop5StudentsByMathScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    sortStudentsByMathScore(students, n);
    printf("数学分数最高的五个学生信息：\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 5 && i < n; i++) {
        printf("%d\t%s\t%d\n", students[i].stuNo, students[i].name, students[i].mathScore);
    }
}

void printTop3StudentsByMathScoreAndEngScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    struct Student tempStudents[MAX_STUDENT];
    int tempIndex = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (students[i].mathScore > tempStudents[0].mathScore) {
            tempStudents[0] = students[i];
            for (int j = 1; j < 3; j++) {
                if (tempStudents[j].engScore < tempStudents[j - 1].engScore) {
                    struct Student temp = tempStudents[j];
                    tempStudents[j] = tempStudents[j - 1];
                    tempStudents[j - 1] = temp;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    printf("数学分数最高且英语分数高于75分的三个学生信息：\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        printStudent(tempStudents[i]);
    }
}

void sortStudentsByChnScoreAndMathScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            if (students[i].chnScore < students[j].chnScore) {
                struct Student temp = students[i];
                students[i] = students[j];
                students[j] = temp;
            } else if (students[i].chnScore == students[j].chnScore && students[i].mathScore < students[j].mathScore) {
                struct Student temp = students[i];
                students[i] = students[j];
                students[j] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

void printStudentByChnScoreAndMathScore(struct Student *students, int n) {
    sortStudentsByChnScoreAndMathScore(students, n);
    printf("按照语文成绩由高到低排序的学生信息：\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printStudent(students[i]);
    }
}

int main() {
    struct Student students[MAX_STUDENT];
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STUDENT; i++) {
        initStudent(&students[i]);
    }

    // 直接初始化学生信息
    students[0].stuNo = 1;
    strcpy(students[0].name, "张三");
    students[0].chnScore = 90;
    students[0].mathScore = 85;
    students[0].engScore = 80;
    students[0].avgScore = (students[0].chnScore + students[0].mathScore + students[0].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[1].stuNo = 2;
    strcpy(students[1].name, "李四");
    students[1].chnScore = 85;
    students[1].mathScore = 90;
    students[1].engScore = 75;
    students[1].avgScore = (students[1].chnScore + students[1].mathScore + students[1].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[2].stuNo = 3;
    strcpy(students[2].name, "王五");
    students[2].chnScore = 80;
    students[2].mathScore = 90;
    students[2].engScore = 85;
    students[2].avgScore = (students[2].chnScore + students[2].mathScore + students[2].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[3].stuNo = 4;
    strcpy(students[3].name, "赵六");
    students[3].chnScore = 75;
    students[3].mathScore = 80;
    students[3].engScore = 90;
    students[3].avgScore = (students[3].chnScore + students[3].mathScore + students[3].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[4].stuNo = 5;
    strcpy(students[4].name, "小明");
    students[4].chnScore = 60;
    students[4].mathScore = 70;
    students[4].engScore = 80;
    students[4].avgScore = (students[4].chnScore + students[4].mathScore + students[4].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[5].stuNo = 6;
    strcpy(students[5].name, "小红");
    students[5].chnScore = 70;
    students[5].mathScore = 60;
    students[5].engScore = 75;
    students[5].avgScore = (students[5].chnScore + students[5].mathScore + students[5].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[6].stuNo = 7;
    strcpy(students[6].name, "小刚");
    students[6].chnScore = 80;
    students[6].mathScore = 85;
    students[6].engScore = 90;
    students[6].avgScore = (students[6].chnScore + students[6].mathScore + students[6].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[7].stuNo = 8;
    strcpy(students[7].name, "小李");
    students[7].chnScore = 75;
    students[7].mathScore = 70;
    students[7].engScore = 80;
    students[7].avgScore = (students[7].chnScore + students[7].mathScore + students[7].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[8].stuNo = 9;
    strcpy(students[8].name, "小张");
    students[8].chnScore = 90;
    students[8].mathScore = 80;
    students[8].engScore = 75;
    students[8].avgScore = (students[8].chnScore + students[8].mathScore + students[8].engScore) / 3.0;

    students[9].stuNo = 10;
    strcpy(students[9].name, "小王");
    students[9].chnScore = 85;
    students[9].mathScore = 90;
    students[9].engScore = 80;
    students[9].avgScore = (students[9].chnScore + students[9].mathScore + students[9].engScore) / 3.0;

    printStudents(students, MAX_STUDENT);

    sortStudentsByAvgScore(students, MAX_STUDENT);
    printf("按照平均分由高到低输出学生信息：\n");
    printStudents(students, MAX_STUDENT);

    printStudentWithLowestEngScore(students, MAX_STUDENT);

    printStudentWithHighestAvgScore(students, MAX_STUDENT);

    printTop5StudentsByMathScore(students, MAX_STUDENT);

    printTop3StudentsByMathScoreAndEngScore(students, MAX_STUDENT);

    printStudentByChnScoreAndMathScore(students, MAX_STUDENT);

    int queryStuNo;
    printf("请输入要查询的学号：");
    scanf("%d", &queryStuNo);
    int queryStuIndex = -1;
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_STUDENT; i++) {
        if (students[i].stuNo == queryStuNo) {
            queryStuIndex = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (queryStuIndex == -1) {
        printf("查无此人。\n");
    } else {
        printf("查询到的学生信息：\n");
        printStudent(students[queryStuIndex]);
    }

    return 0;
}

c语言结构体

C语言中的结构体是一种自定义数据类型，可以将不同的数据类型组合在一起，形成一个新的数据类型，方便程序员进行操作和管理。其基本语法如下：

struct 结构体名
{
    数据类型 成员变量1;
    数据类型 成员变量2;
    ……
};

其中，`结构体名`是定义的结构体的名称，`成员变量`是组成结构体的数据类型。例如，定义一个学生结构体：

struct student
{
    int id;          //学生学号
    char name[20];   //学生姓名
    int age;         //学生年龄
};

定义出来后，就可以通过结构体名来声明结构体类型的变量，在程序中使用结构体变量来存储和处理数据。例如：

struct student stu1;  //定义一个名为stu1的结构体变量
stu1.id = 10001;      //给结构体变量的成员变量赋值
strcpy(stu1.name, "小明");
stu1.age = 18;

这样就可以通过结构体变量`stu1`来存储一个学生的信息。同时，也可以定义结构体指针来操作结构体变量，例如：

struct student *pstu;
pstu = &stu1;          //结构体指针指向结构体变量
printf("%d %s %d\n", pstu->id, pstu->name, pstu->age);  //使用指针访问结构体成员变量

此时，输出的结果就是`10001 小明 18`。