matlab gui lunwen,用MatlabGUI模拟圆环和矩形环夫琅禾费衍射

夫琅禾费衍射是光学中的一种重要现象，MatlabGUI可以很好地模拟圆环和矩形环夫琅禾费衍射。以下是简单的步骤：

1. 创建一个MatlabGUI窗口，并命名为“夫琅禾费衍射模拟”或者其他你喜欢的名字。

2. 在GUI窗口中添加两个按钮，分别命名为“圆环”和“矩形环”。

3. 为这两个按钮添加回调函数，使得当用户点击按钮时，程序可以执行相应的模拟。

4. 在回调函数中，首先清空之前的图像，然后根据用户选择的形状（圆环或矩形环），生成相应的夫琅禾费衍射模拟图像。

5. 最后，将生成的图像显示在GUI窗口中。

下面是一个简单的示例代码，可以作为参考：

function varargout = diffraction_simulation_gui(varargin)
% DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI MATLAB code for diffraction_simulation_gui.fig
%      DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI, by itself, creates a new DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI returns the handle to a new DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new DIFFRACTION_SIMULATION_GUI or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before diffraction_simulation_gui_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to diffraction_simulation_gui_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help diffraction_simulation_gui

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 02-Jun-2021 15:31:48

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...
                   'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...
                   'gui_OpeningFcn', @diffraction_simulation_gui_OpeningFcn, ...
                   'gui_OutputFcn',  @diffraction_simulation_gui_OutputFcn, ...
                   'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...
                   'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
    gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
    [varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT


% --- Executes just before diffraction_simulation_gui is made visible.
function diffraction_simulation_gui_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to diffraction_simulation_gui (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for diffraction_simulation_gui
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes diffraction_simulation_gui wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);


% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = diffraction_simulation_gui_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;


% --- Executes on button press in circle_button.
function circle_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to circle_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% clear previous image
cla(handles.axes1);

% generate diffraction simulation image for circle
[x,y] = meshgrid(-100:0.5:100);
r1 = sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2);
r2 = sqrt((x-20).^2 + y.^2);
diffraction_pattern = abs((besselj(1,2*pi*r1) - besselj(1,2*pi*r2)) ./ (2*pi*r1)) .^ 2;
diffraction_pattern = diffraction_pattern ./ max(max(diffraction_pattern));
imshow(diffraction_pattern, 'Parent', handles.axes1);


% --- Executes on button press in rectangle_button.
function rectangle_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rectangle_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% clear previous image
cla(handles.axes1);

% generate diffraction simulation image for rectangle
[x,y] = meshgrid(-100:0.5:100);
r1 = sqrt(x.^2 + y.^2);
r2 = sqrt((x-50).^2 + y.^2);
diffraction_pattern = abs((rect((x+50)./20,(y+50)./20) - rect((x-50)./20,(y+50)./20)) .* (besselj(1,2*pi*r1) - besselj(1,2*pi*r2)) ./ (2*pi*r1)) .^ 2;
diffraction_pattern = diffraction_pattern ./ max(max(diffraction_pattern));
imshow(diffraction_pattern, 'Parent', handles.axes1);

在这个例子中，我们创建了一个GUI窗口，其中包含两个按钮：“圆环”和“矩形环”。当用户点击这些按钮时，分别会执行`circle_button_Callback`和`rectangle_button_Callback`回调函数。这些回调函数会生成相应的夫琅禾费衍射模拟图像，并将其显示在GUI窗口中的`axes1`控件中。

在这些回调函数中，我们使用了Matlab内置的`besselj`和`rect`函数来生成圆环和矩形环的夫琅禾费衍射模拟图像。具体来说，我们首先生成一个网格，并计算每个点到圆环或矩形环的距离。然后，我们使用`besselj`函数计算出每个点处的衍射振幅，并根据距离计算出相应的衍射因子。最后，我们将所有的衍射因子相乘，并取平方，得到最终的夫琅禾费衍射模拟图像。

希望这个例子可以帮助你开始编写自己的MatlabGUI程序来模拟夫琅禾费衍射。