c++实现图书馆管理系统

好的，图书馆管理系统是一个比较典型的管理系统，可以用C++来实现，以下是一个简单的实现方案，供参考：

1. 确定需要的数据结构和功能模块，如图书、借阅信息、读者等，可以使用类或结构体来表示。
2. 设计主界面，包括菜单、输入输出等功能。
3. 实现各个功能模块的具体操作，如添加图书、查询图书、借阅图书等。
4. 在输入输出时进行输入检查，防止输入错误或非法数据。
5. 实现数据的存储和读取，可以使用文件来保存数据，也可以使用数据库等方式。
6. 进行测试和调试，确保系统的稳定性和正确性。

以下是一个简单的代码示例，仅供参考：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

// 图书类
class Book {
public:
    string name; // 书名
    string author; // 作者
    string publisher; // 出版社
    string ISBN; // ISBN编号
    int totalNum; // 总数量
    int availableNum; // 可借数量

    // 构造函数
    Book(string n, string a, string p, string i, int t, int av) {
        name = n;
        author = a;
        publisher = p;
        ISBN = i;
        totalNum = t;
        availableNum = av;
    }

    // 显示图书信息
    void display() {
        cout << "书名：" << name << endl;
        cout << "作者：" << author << endl;
        cout << "出版社：" << publisher << endl;
        cout << "ISBN编号：" << ISBN << endl;
        cout << "总数量：" << totalNum << endl;
        cout << "可借数量：" << availableNum << endl;
    }
};

// 借阅信息类
class BorrowInfo {
public:
    string readerName; // 读者姓名
    string bookName; // 书名
    string borrowDate; // 借阅日期
    string dueDate; // 到期日期
    bool returned; // 是否已归还

    // 构造函数
    BorrowInfo(string r, string b, string bd, string dd, bool rt) {
        readerName = r;
        bookName = b;
        borrowDate = bd;
        dueDate = dd;
        returned = rt;
    }

    // 显示借阅信息
    void display() {
        cout << "读者姓名：" << readerName << endl;
        cout << "书名：" << bookName << endl;
        cout << "借阅日期：" << borrowDate << endl;
        cout << "到期日期：" << dueDate << endl;
        cout << "是否已归还：" << (returned ? "是" : "否") << endl;
    }
};

// 读者类
class Reader {
public:
    string name; // 姓名
    string ID; // 学号或工号
    string type; // 类型（学生或教师）
    vector<BorrowInfo> borrowInfo; // 借阅信息

    // 构造函数
    Reader(string n, string i, string t) {
        name = n;
        ID = i;
        type = t;
    }

    // 显示读者信息
    void display() {
        cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;
        cout << "学号或工号：" << ID << endl;
        cout << "类型：" << type << endl;
        cout << "借阅信息：" << endl;
        for (int i = 0; i < borrowInfo.size(); i++) {
            borrowInfo[i].display();
        }
    }
};

// 图书馆类
class Library {
public:
    vector<Book> books; // 图书信息
    vector<Reader> readers; // 读者信息

    // 添加图书
    void addBook() {
        string name, author, publisher, ISBN;
        int totalNum, availableNum;
        cout << "请输入书名：" << endl;
        cin >> name;
        cout << "请输入作者：" << endl;
        cin >> author;
        cout << "请输入出版社：" << endl;
        cin >> publisher;
        cout << "请输入ISBN编号：" << endl;
        cin >> ISBN;
        cout << "请输入总数量：" << endl;
        cin >> totalNum;
        cout << "请输入可借数量：" << endl;
        cin >> availableNum;
        Book book(name, author, publisher, ISBN, totalNum, availableNum);
        books.push_back(book);
        cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
    }

    // 查询图书
    void queryBook() {
        string name;
        cout << "请输入要查询的书名：" << endl;
        cin >> name;
        bool found = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
            if (books[i].name == name) {
                books[i].display();
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            cout << "没有找到该书！" << endl;
        }
    }

    // 借阅图书
    void borrowBook() {
        string readerName, bookName;
        cout << "请输入读者姓名：" << endl;
        cin >> readerName;
        cout << "请输入书名：" << endl;
        cin >> bookName;
        Book* book = NULL;
        for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
            if (books[i].name == bookName) {
                book = &books[i];
                break;
            }
        }
        if (book == NULL) {
            cout << "没有找到该书！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        if (book->availableNum <= 0) {
            cout << "该书已全部借出！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        string borrowDate, dueDate;
        cout << "请输入借阅日期（格式：YYYY-MM-DD）：" << endl;
        cin >> borrowDate;
        cout << "请输入到期日期（格式：YYYY-MM-DD）：" << endl;
        cin >> dueDate;
        book->availableNum--;
        BorrowInfo borrowInfo(readerName, bookName, borrowDate, dueDate, false);
        for (int i = 0; i < readers.size(); i++) {
            if (readers[i].name == readerName) {
                readers[i].borrowInfo.push_back(borrowInfo);
                break;
            }
        }
        cout << "借阅成功！" << endl;
    }

    // 归还图书
    void returnBook() {
        string readerName, bookName;
        cout << "请输入读者姓名：" << endl;
        cin >> readerName;
        cout << "请输入书名：" << endl;
        cin >> bookName;
        Book* book = NULL;
        BorrowInfo* borrowInfo = NULL;
        for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
            if (books[i].name == bookName) {
                book = &books[i];
                break;
            }
        }
        if (book == NULL) {
            cout << "没有找到该书！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        bool found = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < readers.size(); i++) {
            if (readers[i].name == readerName) {
                for (int j = 0; j < readers[i].borrowInfo.size(); j++) {
                    if (readers[i].borrowInfo[j].bookName == bookName && !readers[i].borrowInfo[j].returned) {
                        borrowInfo = &readers[i].borrowInfo[j];
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (found) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (borrowInfo == NULL) {
            cout << "没有找到该借阅记录！" << endl;
            return;
        }
        string returnDate;
        cout << "请输入归还日期（格式：YYYY-MM-DD）：" << endl;
        cin >> returnDate;
        borrowInfo->returned = true;
        book->availableNum++;
        cout << "归还成功！" << endl;
    }

    // 添加读者
    void addReader() {
        string name, ID, type;
        cout << "请输入姓名：" << endl;
        cin >> name;
        cout << "请输入学号或工号：" << endl;
        cin >> ID;
        cout << "请输入类型（学生或教师）：" << endl;
        cin >> type;
        Reader reader(name, ID, type);
        readers.push_back(reader);
        cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
    }

    // 查询读者
    void queryReader() {
        string name;
        cout << "请输入要查询的读者姓名：" << endl;
        cin >> name;
        bool found = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < readers.size(); i++) {
            if (readers[i].name == name) {
                readers[i].display();
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            cout << "没有找到该读者！" << endl;
        }
    }

    // 保存数据
    void saveData() {
        ofstream out("data.txt");
        out << "图书信息：" << endl;
        for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); i++) {
            out << books[i].name << " " << books[i].author << " " << books[i].publisher << " " << books[i].ISBN << " " << books[i].totalNum << " " << books[i].availableNum << endl;
        }
        out << "读者信息：" << endl;
        for (int i = 0; i < readers.size(); i++) {
            out << readers[i].name << " " << readers[i].ID << " " << readers[i].type << endl;
            out << readers[i].borrowInfo.size() << endl;
            for (int j = 0; j < readers[i].borrowInfo.size(); j++) {
                out << readers[i].borrowInfo[j].readerName << " " << readers[i].borrowInfo[j].bookName << " " << readers[i].borrowInfo[j].borrowDate << " " << readers[i].borrowInfo[j].dueDate << " " << readers[i].borrowInfo[j].returned << endl;
            }
        }
        out.close();
    }

    // 读取数据
    void loadData() {
        ifstream in("data.txt");
        string line;
        while (getline(in, line)) {
            if (line == "图书信息：") {
                while (getline(in, line) && line != "读者信息：") {
                    string name, author, publisher, ISBN;
                    int totalNum, availableNum;
                    stringstream ss(line);
                    ss >> name >> author >> publisher >> ISBN >> totalNum >> availableNum;
                    Book book(name, author, publisher, ISBN, totalNum, availableNum);
                    books.push_back(book);
                }
            }
            else if (line == "读者信息：") {
                while (getline(in, line)) {
                    string name, ID, type;
                    stringstream ss(line);
                    ss >> name >> ID >> type;
                    Reader reader(name, ID, type);
                    int num;
                    getline(in, line);
                    stringstream ss2(line);
                    ss2 >> num;
                    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                        string readerName, bookName, borrowDate, dueDate;
                        bool returned;
                        getline(in, line);
                        stringstream ss3(line);
                        ss3 >> readerName >> bookName >> borrowDate >> dueDate >> returned;
                        BorrowInfo borrowInfo(readerName, bookName, borrowDate, dueDate, returned);
                        reader.borrowInfo.push_back(borrowInfo);
                    }
                    readers.push_back(reader);
                }
            }
        }
        in.close();
    }
};

// 主函数
int main() {
    Library library;
    library.loadData();
    while (true) {
        cout << "********************************" << endl;
        cout << "欢迎使用图书馆管理系统！" << endl;
        cout << "1. 添加图书" << endl;
        cout << "2. 查询图书" << endl;
        cout << "3. 借阅图书" << endl;
        cout << "4. 归还图书" << endl;
        cout << "5. 添加读者" << endl;
        cout << "6. 查询读者" << endl;
        cout << "7. 退出系统" << endl;
        cout << "********************************" << endl;
        int choice;
        cin >> choice;
        switch (choice) {
        case 1:
            library.addBook();
            break;
        case 2:
            library.queryBook();
            break;
        case 3:
            library.borrowBook();
            break;
        case 4:
            library.returnBook();
            break;
        case 5:
            library.addReader();
            break;
        case 6:
            library.queryReader();
            break;
        case 7:
            library.saveData();
            cout << "感谢使用图书馆管理系统！" << endl;
            return 0;
        default:
            cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}