java 如何实现windows下postgre数据备份与还原

在Java中，你可以使用ProcessBuilder类来执行外部命令，以实现Windows下PostgreSQL数据备份与还原。以下是简单的代码示例：

1. 数据备份：

import java.io.IOException;

public class PostgreSQLBackup {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String host = "localhost";
        String port = "5432";
        String database = "your_database";
        String username = "your_username";
        String password = "your_password";
        String backupPath = "C:\\backup.sql"; // 备份文件保存路径

        try {
            ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(
                    "pg_dump", "-h", host, "-p", port, "-U", username, "-F", "c", "-b", "-v", "-f", backupPath, database);
            builder.environment().put("PGPASSWORD", password); // 设置密码环境变量
            builder.redirectErrorStream(true);

            Process process = builder.start();
            process.waitFor();

            System.out.println("数据备份完成！");
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. 数据还原：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class PostgreSQLRestore {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String host = "localhost";
        String port = "5432";
        String database = "your_database";
        String username = "your_username";
        String password = "your_password";
        String restorePath = "C:\\backup.sql"; // 备份文件路径

        try {
            ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(
                    "pg_restore", "-h", host, "-p", port, "-U", username, "-d", database, "-v", restorePath);
            builder.environment().put("PGPASSWORD", password); // 设置密码环境变量
            builder.redirectErrorStream(true);

            Process process = builder.start();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }

            int exitCode = process.waitFor();
            if (exitCode == 0) {
                System.out.println("数据还原完成！");
            } else {
                System.out.println("数据还原失败！");
            }
        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

以上代码使用了`pg_dump`命令进行备份，`pg_restore`命令进行还原。你需要替换相应的数据库连接信息以及备份文件路径。确保PostgreSQL的可执行文件目录已添加到系统环境变量中。

请注意，执行外部命令需要谨慎处理，确保输入的参数是可信的，以避免安全问题。