2.计算机目录树的基本操作(设计性实验) 问题描述 对计算机中的目录树实现建立目录、修改目录结构、查询和删除等操作。 基本要求 (1)按二叉链表的存储方式存储计算机中的目录树。 (2)实现目录树的建立、遍历及插入结点和删除结点操作。
时间: 2023-12-10 16:41:24 浏览: 179
这是一个非常有趣的实验,涉及到了计算机操作系统中的核心概念。下面是一个简单的基于二叉链表的目录树实现。
首先,我们需要定义一个目录树节点类,它包含以下属性:
- name:节点的名称
- is_directory:是否是目录
- parent:父节点
- left_child:左子节点
- right_child:右子节点
```python
class Node:
def __init__(self, name, is_directory, parent=None, left_child=None, right_child=None):
self.name = name
self.is_directory = is_directory
self.parent = parent
self.left_child = left_child
self.right_child = right_child
```
然后,我们可以定义一个目录树类,它包含以下操作:
- 创建根节点
- 添加目录节点
- 添加文件节点
- 遍历目录树
- 删除节点
```python
class DirectoryTree:
def __init__(self):
self.root = Node('/', True)
def add_directory(self, path):
current_node = self.root
for name in path.split('/'):
if name == '':
continue
child_node = self._find_child_node(current_node, name)
if child_node is None:
child_node = Node(name, True, current_node)
if current_node.left_child is None:
current_node.left_child = child_node
else:
current_node.right_child = child_node
current_node = child_node
def add_file(self, path):
current_node = self.root
names = path.split('/')
filename = names[-1]
for name in names[:-1]:
if name == '':
continue
child_node = self._find_child_node(current_node, name)
if child_node is None:
child_node = Node(name, True, current_node)
if current_node.left_child is None:
current_node.left_child = child_node
else:
current_node.right_child = child_node
current_node = child_node
file_node = Node(filename, False, current_node)
if current_node.left_child is None:
current_node.left_child = file_node
else:
current_node.right_child = file_node
def traverse(self):
self._traverse_node(self.root)
def delete(self, path):
node = self.find(path)
if node is None:
return
if node.left_child is None and node.right_child is None:
self._delete_leaf_node(node)
elif node.left_child is not None and node.right_child is not None:
successor = self._find_successor(node)
node.name = successor.name
node.is_directory = successor.is_directory
self._delete_leaf_node(successor)
else:
child_node = node.left_child if node.left_child is not None else node.right_child
child_node.parent = node.parent
if node.parent.left_child == node:
node.parent.left_child = child_node
else:
node.parent.right_child = child_node
def find(self, path):
current_node = self.root
for name in path.split('/'):
if name == '':
continue
child_node = self._find_child_node(current_node, name)
if child_node is None:
return None
current_node = child_node
return current_node
def _find_child_node(self, node, name):
if node.left_child is not None and node.left_child.name == name:
return node.left_child
elif node.right_child is not None and node.right_child.name == name:
return node.right_child
else:
return None
def _traverse_node(self, node, depth=0):
print(' ' * depth + node.name)
if node.is_directory:
if node.left_child is not None:
self._traverse_node(node.left_child, depth + 1)
if node.right_child is not None:
self._traverse_node(node.right_child, depth)
def _delete_leaf_node(self, node):
if node.parent.left_child == node:
node.parent.left_child = None
else:
node.parent.right_child = None
def _find_successor(self, node):
current_node = node.right_child
while current_node.left_child is not None:
current_node = current_node.left_child
return current_node
```
使用这个目录树类,我们可以创建一个目录树,添加目录和文件节点,遍历目录树,删除节点等等。
```python
tree = DirectoryTree()
tree.add_directory('/home')
tree.add_directory('/home/user')
tree.add_file('/home/user/file.txt')
tree.add_directory('/home/user/documents')
tree.add_file('/home/user/documents/document.pdf')
tree.traverse()
"""
/
home
user
file.txt
documents
document.pdf
"""
tree.delete('/home/user/documents/document.pdf')
tree.traverse()
"""
/
home
user
file.txt
documents
"""
```
这个实现还有很多可以改进的地方,例如可以使用哈希表来加速查找操作,可以添加更多的错误检查等等。不过这个简单的实现已经足够演示目录树的基本操作了。
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