jwt javax/xml/bind/DatatypeConverter
时间: 2023-10-03 22:02:35 浏览: 120
JWT(JSON Web Token)是一种用于在网络应用之间传递信息的跨域身份验证解决方案。它使用JSON数据结构来定义一个安全的、自包含的方式来传输信息。JWT通常由三部分组成:头部、载荷和签名。其中,头部和载荷都是基于JSON格式,签名则是由头部、载荷和密钥组成的字符串,用于验证消息的完整性和身份验证。
而javax/xml/bind/DatatypeConverter是Java API for XML Binding (JAXB)提供的一个实用类,它包含了许多用于将Java数据类型转换为XML数据类型的静态方法。在使用JWT时,一般会将JWT的头部和载荷部分进行Base64编码,再通过签名算法生成签名,并将这三部分拼接起来形成完整的JWT。在进行Base64编码和解码时,可以使用javax/xml/bind/DatatypeConverter提供的静态方法。
相关问题
springboot整合jwt
JWT(JSON Web Token)是一种用于认证和授权的开放标准,它将用户数据加密到一个安全的JSON对象中传递给服务端,服务端可以解析JWT获取用户信息进行认证和授权操作。在Spring Boot中整合JWT可以用于实现用户认证和授权的功能。
下面是Spring Boot整合JWT的几个步骤:
1. 添加依赖
在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖:
```xml
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
```
2. 创建JWT工具类
创建一个JWT工具类,用于生成和解析JWT。具体实现可以参考JJWT官方文档。
```java
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import java.util.Date;
public class JwtUtils {
private static final String SECRET_KEY = "my_secret_key";
public static String generateToken(String subject, long expiration) {
Date now = new Date();
Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + expiration);
return Jwts.builder()
.setSubject(subject)
.setIssuedAt(now)
.setExpiration(expiryDate)
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET_KEY)
.compact();
}
public static String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
.setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY)
.parseClaimsJws(token)
.getBody();
return claims.getSubject();
}
public static boolean validateToken(String token) {
try {
Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(token);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
}
```
3. 创建登录接口
创建一个登录接口,用于验证用户身份并生成JWT。
```java
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class LoginController {
@PostMapping("/login")
public String login(@RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
// 验证用户名和密码
if (validateUser(loginRequest.getUsername(), loginRequest.getPassword())) {
// 生成JWT并返回给客户端
return JwtUtils.generateToken(loginRequest.getUsername(), 3600000L);
} else {
return "Invalid username or password";
}
}
private boolean validateUser(String username, String password) {
// 验证用户名和密码的逻辑
// ...
}
}
```
4. 创建需要认证的接口
创建一个需要认证的接口,用于测试JWT是否生效。
```java
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/test")
public String test(@RequestHeader("Authorization") String authorizationHeader) {
String token = authorizationHeader.substring(7);
if (JwtUtils.validateToken(token)) {
String username = JwtUtils.getUsernameFromToken(token);
return "Hello, " + username;
} else {
return "Invalid token";
}
}
}
```
5. 配置拦截器
创建一个拦截器,用于验证JWT是否合法。
```java
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class JwtInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
String authorizationHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");
if (authorizationHeader != null && authorizationHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
String token = authorizationHeader.substring(7);
if (JwtUtils.validateToken(token)) {
return true;
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
response.getWriter().write("Invalid token");
return false;
}
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
response.getWriter().write("Missing or invalid Authorization header");
return false;
}
}
}
```
在Spring Boot中配置拦截器。
```java
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Autowired
private JwtInterceptor jwtInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(jwtInterceptor)
.addPathPatterns("/test")
.excludePathPatterns("/login");
}
}
```
完成上述步骤后,就可以使用JWT实现用户认证和授权的功能了。
springboot实现jwt
在Spring Boot中实现JWT(Json Web Token)认证可以通过添加依赖项和编写配置类来实现。以下是一些基本步骤:
1. 添加依赖项
在pom.xml文件中添加以下依赖项:
```xml
<dependency>
<groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
<artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>
```
2. 编写配置类
编写一个配置类,用于创建JWT Token并验证请求。以下是一个示例配置类:
```java
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import io.jsonwebtoken.security.Keys;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.Key;
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Value("${jwt.secret}")
private String secret;
@Value("${jwt.token-prefix}")
private String tokenPrefix;
@Value("${jwt.header-string}")
private String headerString;
@Value("${jwt.expiration-time}")
private long expirationTime;
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
public SecurityConfig(UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.csrf().disable()
.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/api/authenticate").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.addFilterBefore(new JwtAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Bean
public SecretKey secretKey() {
return Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(secret.getBytes());
}
@Bean
public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager() throws Exception {
return super.authenticationManager();
}
private class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
try {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
return authenticationManager().authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
String token = createJwt(authResult);
response.addHeader(headerString, tokenPrefix + token);
}
private String createJwt(Authentication auth) {
Claims claims = Jwts.claims().setSubject(auth.getName());
claims.put("roles", auth.getAuthorities());
Key key = secretKey();
return Jwts.builder()
.setClaims(claims)
.signWith(key, SignatureAlgorithm.HS256)
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expirationTime))
.compact();
}
}
}
```
在上面的示例中,我们定义了一个JwtAuthenticationFilter,它是一个Spring Boot过滤器,用于从请求中提取用户名和密码,然后创建一个JWT令牌并将其添加到响应头中。我们还定义了一个createJwt方法,该方法使用JJWT库构建JWT令牌。
3. 配置应用程序属性
在application.properties文件中,配置应用程序属性:
```properties
jwt.secret=your-secret-key
jwt.token-prefix=Bearer
jwt.header-string=Authorization
jwt.expiration-time=86400000
```
在上面的示例中,我们定义了以下属性:
- jwt.secret:用于签署JWT的密钥。
- jwt.token-prefix:JWT令牌的前缀,在这里我们使用“Bearer”。
- jwt.header-string:JWT令牌将添加到请求头的属性名称。
- jwt.expiration-time:JWT令牌的过期时间,以毫秒为单位。
4. 编写控制器
编写一个控制器,该控制器用于处理用户身份验证请求。以下是一个示例控制器:
```java
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class AuthController {
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
public AuthController(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, UserDetailsService userDetailsService, PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
}
@PostMapping("/api/authenticate")
public ResponseEntity<?> authenticate(@RequestBody AuthRequest request) {
Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(request.getUsername(), request.getPassword()));
UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(request.getUsername());
String token = createJwt(authentication);
return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthResponse(token));
}
private String createJwt(Authentication auth) {
String username = auth.getName();
return Jwts.builder()
.setSubject(username)
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expirationTime))
.signWith(secretKey(), SignatureAlgorithm.HS256)
.compact();
}
}
```
在上面的示例中,我们定义了一个authenticate方法,该方法使用Spring Boot的AuthenticationManager进行身份验证,并返回JWT令牌。
5. 运行应用程序并测试
现在,您可以构建并运行应用程序,并使用Postman或curl发送POST请求到/authenticate端点,以获取JWT令牌,如下所示:
```
POST /api/authenticate
{
"username": "user",
"password": "password"
}
```
成功身份验证后,您将收到一个包含JWT令牌的响应,如下所示:
```
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1c2VyIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyLCJleHAiOjE1MTYyNDA2MjJ9.5OQJtjXt7nG6TcIvYK3Z_6LnfzRf0xX6ZVhVlQ6qfYs
```
您可以将此JWT令牌添加到请求头中,以使用Spring Boot保护的任何其他端点。
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