python编译本关任务：长沙市按照阶梯电价计算电费，第一档是200度及以下的0.588/度。第二，三档分季节，春秋季：第二档是200度以上-350度的0.638/度，第三档是350度以上0.888/度。冬夏季：第二档是200度以上-450度的0.638/度，第三档是450度以上0.888/度。根据输入的上月电表度数、本月电表度数和月份来计算电费。3-5月份为春季，6-8月份为夏季，9-11为秋季，12-2月份为冬季。 输入居民的上月和本月的电表度数，计算用电度数和电费。

以下是实现该功能的 Python 代码：

# 定义各个阶梯的电价及使用量范围
SPRING_SECOND_PRICE = 0.638
SPRING_SECOND_THRESHOLD = 200
SPRING_THIRD_PRICE = 0.888
SPRING_THIRD_THRESHOLD = 350

SUMMER_SECOND_PRICE = 0.638
SUMMER_SECOND_THRESHOLD = 200
SUMMER_THIRD_PRICE = 0.888
SUMMER_THIRD_THRESHOLD = 450

AUTUMN_SECOND_PRICE = 0.638
AUTUMN_SECOND_THRESHOLD = 200
AUTUMN_THIRD_PRICE = 0.888
AUTUMN_THIRD_THRESHOLD = 350

WINTER_SECOND_PRICE = 0.638
WINTER_SECOND_THRESHOLD = 200
WINTER_THIRD_PRICE = 0.888
WINTER_THIRD_THRESHOLD = 450

# 获取用户输入的上月和本月电表读数以及月份
last_month_reading = float(input("请输入上月电表读数："))
this_month_reading = float(input("请输入本月电表读数："))
month = int(input("请输入月份："))

# 计算用电量
usage = this_month_reading - last_month_reading

# 根据月份确定季节以及阶梯电价
if month in [3, 4, 5]:  # 春季
    if usage <= SPRING_SECOND_THRESHOLD:  # 第一档
        price = usage * 0.588
    elif usage <= SPRING_THIRD_THRESHOLD:  # 第二档
        price = SPRING_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (usage - SPRING_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * SPRING_SECOND_PRICE
    else:  # 第三档
        price = SPRING_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (SPRING_THIRD_THRESHOLD - SPRING_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * SPRING_SECOND_PRICE + \
                (usage - SPRING_THIRD_THRESHOLD) * SPRING_THIRD_PRICE
elif month in [6, 7, 8]:  # 夏季
    if usage <= SUMMER_SECOND_THRESHOLD:  # 第一档
        price = usage * 0.588
    elif usage <= SUMMER_THIRD_THRESHOLD:  # 第二档
        price = SUMMER_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (usage - SUMMER_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * SUMMER_SECOND_PRICE
    else:  # 第三档
        price = SUMMER_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (SUMMER_THIRD_THRESHOLD - SUMMER_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * SUMMER_SECOND_PRICE + \
                (usage - SUMMER_THIRD_THRESHOLD) * SUMMER_THIRD_PRICE
elif month in [9, 10, 11]:  # 秋季
    if usage <= AUTUMN_SECOND_THRESHOLD:  # 第一档
        price = usage * 0.588
    elif usage <= AUTUMN_THIRD_THRESHOLD:  # 第二档
        price = AUTUMN_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (usage - AUTUMN_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * AUTUMN_SECOND_PRICE
    else:  # 第三档
        price = AUTUMN_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (AUTUMN_THIRD_THRESHOLD - AUTUMN_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * AUTUMN_SECOND_PRICE + \
                (usage - AUTUMN_THIRD_THRESHOLD) * AUTUMN_THIRD_PRICE
else:  # 冬季
    if usage <= WINTER_SECOND_THRESHOLD:  # 第一档
        price = usage * 0.588
    elif usage <= WINTER_THIRD_THRESHOLD:  # 第二档
        price = WINTER_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (usage - WINTER_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * WINTER_SECOND_PRICE
    else:  # 第三档
        price = WINTER_SECOND_THRESHOLD * 0.588 + (WINTER_THIRD_THRESHOLD - WINTER_SECOND_THRESHOLD) * WINTER_SECOND_PRICE + \
                (usage - WINTER_THIRD_THRESHOLD) * WINTER_THIRD_PRICE

print("用电量为：{:.2f} 度".format(usage))
print("电费为：{:.2f} 元".format(price))

使用方法：

1. 运行上述代码；
2. 根据提示输入上月和本月电表读数以及月份；
3. 程序将会输出用电量和电费。