u-net++怎么做分类？给我用代码展示

U-Net 最初是一种用于图像分割的模型，但也可以通过在最后一层加入全局池化层和全连接层来实现图像分类。以下是一个简单的 U-Net 分类器的代码示例：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F


class DoubleConv(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
        super(DoubleConv, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
            nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        return x


class Down(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels):
        super(Down, self).__init__()
        self.mpconv = nn.Sequential(
            nn.MaxPool2d(2),
            DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.mpconv(x)
        return x


class Up(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, bilinear=True):
        super(Up, self).__init__()

        if bilinear:
            self.up = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True)
        else:
            self.up = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_channels // 2, in_channels // 2, kernel_size=2, stride=2)

        self.conv = DoubleConv(in_channels, out_channels)

    def forward(self, x1, x2):
        x1 = self.up(x1)

        # input is CHW
        diffY = x2.size()[2] - x1.size()[2]
        diffX = x2.size()[3] - x1.size()[3]

        x1 = F.pad(x1, [diffX // 2, diffX - diffX // 2,
                        diffY // 2, diffY - diffY // 2])
        x = torch.cat([x2, x1], dim=1)
        x = self.conv(x)
        return x


class UNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, n_channels, n_classes, bilinear=True):
        super(UNet, self).__init__()
        self.n_channels = n_channels
        self.n_classes = n_classes
        self.bilinear = bilinear

        self.inc = DoubleConv(n_channels, 64)
        self.down1 = Down(64, 128)
        self.down2 = Down(128, 256)
        self.down3 = Down(256, 512)
        self.down4 = Down(512, 512)
        self.up1 = Up(1024, 256, bilinear)
        self.up2 = Up(512, 128, bilinear)
        self.up3 = Up(256, 64, bilinear)
        self.up4 = Up(128, 64, bilinear)
        self.outc = nn.Conv2d(64, n_classes, kernel_size=1)

    def forward(self, x):
        x1 = self.inc(x)
        x2 = self.down1(x1)
        x3 = self.down2(x2)
        x4 = self.down3(x3)
        x5 = self.down4(x4)
        x = self.up1(x5, x4)
        x = self.up2(x, x3)
        x = self.up3(x, x2)
        x = self.up4(x, x1)
        x = self.outc(x)
        x = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(x, (1, 1))
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        return x

在这个示例中，我们使用了一个包含四个下采样层和四个上采样层的 U-Net 模型，并在最后一层加入了一个全局平均池化层和一个全连接层，将输出转换为分类预测。