.有一个交通工具类vehicle，将它作为基类派生小车类car、卡车类truck和轮船类boat，定义这些类并定义一个虚函数用来显示各类信息。代码

以下是基于描述的代码实现：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// 交通工具类
class Vehicle {
public:
    // 构造函数
    Vehicle(string name, int weight) : m_name(name), m_weight(weight) {}

    // 虚函数，用来显示各类信息
    virtual void showInfo() {
        cout << "Name: " << m_name << endl;
        cout << "Weight: " << m_weight << endl;
    }

private:
    string m_name; // 名称
    int m_weight; // 重量
};

// 小车类，继承自交通工具类
class Car : public Vehicle {
public:
    // 构造函数
    Car(string name, int weight, int seats) : Vehicle(name, weight), m_seats(seats) {}

    // 重写虚函数，用来显示各类信息
    void showInfo() override {
        Vehicle::showInfo();
        cout << "Seats: " << m_seats << endl;
    }

private:
    int m_seats; // 座位数
};

// 卡车类，继承自交通工具类
class Truck : public Vehicle {
public:
    // 构造函数
    Truck(string name, int weight, int load) : Vehicle(name, weight), m_load(load) {}

    // 重写虚函数，用来显示各类信息
    void showInfo() override {
        Vehicle::showInfo();
        cout << "Load: " << m_load << endl;
    }

private:
    int m_load; // 载重
};

// 轮船类，继承自交通工具类
class Boat : public Vehicle {
public:
    // 构造函数
    Boat(string name, int weight, int capacity) : Vehicle(name, weight), m_capacity(capacity) {}

    // 重写虚函数，用来显示各类信息
    void showInfo() override {
        Vehicle::showInfo();
        cout << "Capacity: " << m_capacity << endl;
    }

private:
    int m_capacity; // 容量
};

int main() {
    // 创建对象并输出信息
    Vehicle v("Vehicle", 1000);
    v.showInfo();

    Car c("Car", 500, 5);
    c.showInfo();

    Truck t("Truck", 2000, 10);
    t.showInfo();

    Boat b("Boat", 10000, 500);
    b.showInfo();

    return 0;
}

输出结果如下：

Name: Vehicle
Weight: 1000
Name: Car
Weight: 500
Seats: 5
Name: Truck
Weight: 2000
Load: 10
Name: Boat
Weight: 10000
Capacity: 500