riscv单周期cpu设计verilog的整体模块

以下是一个简单的 RISC-V 单周期 CPU 设计的 Verilog 整体模块：

module riscv_cpu(
    input clk,        // 时钟信号
    input rst,        // 复位信号
    input [31:0] instr_in,  // 输入指令
    output reg [31:0] data_out // 输出数据
);

// 寄存器定义
reg [31:0] pc;         // 程序计数器
reg [31:0] reg_file[31:0];  // 32 个通用寄存器

// 控制信号定义
reg reg_write;    // 寄存器写使能
reg mem_write;    // 存储器写使能
reg mem_read;     // 存储器读使能
reg [1:0] alu_op; // ALU 操作码
reg [2:0] reg_dst; // 寄存器目标选择
reg [1:0] mem_size; // 存储器操作大小（字节）
reg [6:0] funct7; // 操作函数 7
reg [2:0] funct3; // 操作函数 3
reg [6:0] opcode; // 操作码

// ALU 输入/输出定义
reg [31:0] alu_in1;
reg [31:0] alu_in2;
wire [31:0] alu_out;

// 存储器输入/输出定义
reg [31:0] mem_addr;
reg [31:0] mem_data_in;
wire [31:0] mem_data_out;

// 指令解码
assign opcode = instr_in[6:0];
assign funct3 = instr_in[14:12];
assign funct7 = instr_in[31:25];

// 控制信号生成
always @(*) begin
    case (opcode)
        7'b0110111: begin // U 类指令
            reg_write = 1;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 0;
            alu_op = 2'b00;
            reg_dst = 3'b000;
            mem_size = 2'b00;
            alu_in1 = pc - 4;
            alu_in2 = {instr_in[31], {31{1'b0}}};
        end
        7'b0010111: begin // U 类指令
            reg_write = 1;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 0;
            alu_op = 2'b00;
            reg_dst = 3'b000;
            mem_size = 2'b00;
            alu_in1 = pc - 4;
            alu_in2 = {{19{1'b0}}, instr_in[31:20], {12{1'b0}}};
        end
        7'b1101111: begin // J 类指令
            reg_write = 1;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 0;
            alu_op = 2'b00;
            reg_dst = 3'b000;
            mem_size = 2'b00;
            alu_in1 = pc - 4;
            alu_in2 = {{20{instr_in[31]}}, instr_in[19:12], instr_in[20], {7{1'b0}}};
        end
        7'b1100111: begin // I 类指令
            reg_write = 1;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 1;
            alu_op = 2'b00;
            reg_dst = 3'b000;
            mem_size = 2'b10;
            alu_in1 = reg_file[instr_in[19:15]];
            alu_in2 = instr_in[31:20];
            mem_addr = alu_out;
        end
        7'b0000011: begin // I 类指令
            reg_write = 1;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 1;
            alu_op = 2'b00;
            reg_dst = 3'b000;
            mem_size = funct3;
            alu_in1 = reg_file[instr_in[19:15]];
            alu_in2 = instr_in[31:20];
            mem_addr = alu_out;
        end
        7'b0100011: begin // S 类指令
            reg_write = 0;
            mem_write = 1;
            mem_read = 0;
            alu_op = 2'b00;
            reg_dst = 3'b000;
            mem_size = funct3;
            alu_in1 = reg_file[instr_in[24:20]];
            alu_in2 = instr_in[31:25];
            mem_addr = {alu_out[31:2], instr_in[11:7]};
            mem_data_in = reg_file[instr_in[19:15]];
        end
        7'b0010011: begin // I 类指令
            reg_write = 1;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 0;
            alu_op = funct3;
            reg_dst = 3'b001;
            mem_size = 2'b00;
            alu_in1 = reg_file[instr_in[19:15]];
            alu_in2 = instr_in[31:20];
        end
        7'b0110011: begin // R 类指令
            reg_write = 1;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 0;
            reg_dst = 3'b001;
            mem_size = 2'b00;
            case (funct3)
                3'b000: alu_op = 2'b000; // ADD
                3'b001: alu_op = 2'b001; // SLL
                3'b010: alu_op = 2'b010; // SLT
                3'b011: alu_op = 2'b011; // SLTU
                3'b100: alu_op = 2'b100; // XOR
                3'b101: begin // SRL 或 SRA
                    if (funct7[5] == 1'b0)
                        alu_op = 2'b101; // SRL
                    else
                        alu_op = 2'b110; // SRA
                end
                3'b110: alu_op = 2'b111; // OR
                3'b111: alu_op = 2'b100; // AND
            endcase
            alu_in1 = reg_file[instr_in[19:15]];
            alu_in2 = reg_file[instr_in[24:20]];
        end
        default: begin
            reg_write = 0;
            mem_write = 0;
            mem_read = 0;
            alu_op = 2'b00;
            reg_dst = 3'b000;
            mem_size = 2'b00;
            alu_in1 = 0;
            alu_in2 = 0;
        end
    endcase
end

// ALU 模块实例化
alu alu_inst(
    .op(alu_op),
    .in1(alu_in1),
    .in2(alu_in2),
    .out(alu_out)
);

// 存储器模块实例化
mem mem_inst(
    .clk(clk),
    .we(mem_write),
    .re(mem_read),
    .addr(mem_addr),
    .data_in(mem_data_in),
    .data_out(mem_data_out),
    .size(mem_size)
);

// 寄存器模块实例化
regfile regfile_inst(
    .clk(clk),
    .we(reg_write),
    .addr1(instr_in[19:15]),
    .addr2(instr_in[24:20]),
    .data1(alu_out),
    .data2(mem_data_out),
    .dst(reg_dst),
    .data_out(data_out),
    .reg_file(reg_file)
);

// 程序计数器更新
always @(posedge clk) begin
    if (rst)
        pc <= 32'h0;
    else if (mem_read && (mem_addr == pc))
        pc <= mem_data_out;
    else
        pc <= pc + 4;
end

endmodule

上述代码包含了 ALU、存储器和寄存器模块的实例化，并且通过控制信号生成模块产生控制信号，对这些模块进行控制。在时钟信号的驱动下，程序计数器将被更新，从而实现 CPU 的单周期运行。