matplotlib绘制散点动图

要在matplotlib中绘制散点动图，需要使用动画功能。具体步骤如下：

1. 导入必要的库

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

2. 创建一个空的散点图

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
scatter = ax.scatter([], [], animated=True)

3. 定义一个函数用于更新散点图

def update(frame):
    # 更新散点图的数据
    x = np.random.rand(100)
    y = np.random.rand(100)
    colors = np.random.rand(100)
    sizes = 1000 * np.random.rand(100)
    scatter.set_offsets(np.c_[x, y])
    scatter.set_color(colors)
    scatter.set_sizes(sizes)
    # 返回散点图对象
    return scatter,

4. 创建一个动画对象

animation = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=range(100), interval=50, blit=True)

5. 显示动画

plt.show()

完整代码如下：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
scatter = ax.scatter([], [], animated=True)

def update(frame):
    x = np.random.rand(100)
    y = np.random.rand(100)
    colors = np.random.rand(100)
    sizes = 1000 * np.random.rand(100)
    scatter.set_offsets(np.c_[x, y])
    scatter.set_color(colors)
    scatter.set_sizes(sizes)
    return scatter,

animation = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=range(100), interval=50, blit=True)

plt.show()