invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''

This error occurs when you try to convert an empty string (or any non-numeric value) to an integer using the int() function in Python.

For example:

int('')  # Raises ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''

To fix this error, you should ensure that the value you are trying to convert to an integer is not empty or non-numeric. You can use a try-except block to handle this error gracefully:

value = ''
try:
    integer_value = int(value)
except ValueError:
    print(f"Cannot convert '{value}' to integer.")