(2) In the MIPS processor, which execution stage(s) below is/are necessary for all instruc- tions? (3) (a) IF (b) ID (c) EX (d) MEM (e) WB

The execution stages that are necessary for all instructions in the MIPS processor are:

- Instruction Fetch (IF)
- Instruction Decode (ID)
- Execute (EX)
- Memory Access (MEM)
- Write Back (WB)

So, all the options (a) through (e) are necessary for all instructions.