某个家庭每月有固定收入（如工资）和非固定收入（如兼职收入），家庭每月有固定支出（如电话费）和非固定支出。请编程实现一个家庭的收支的模拟系统，要求实现以下功能： 1．每月固定的收入和非固定收入信息的录入，包括时间、金额、类别等。 2. 每月固定的支出和非固定支出信息的录入，包括消费信息，包括消费时间、消费金额、消费类别等。 3.信息查询与统计：判断家庭是否收支平衡；根据时间、金额大小、类别进行查询并汇总。 4.信息存储：程序退出时将信息存储到硬盘上，开启时从硬盘读取信息。 5.使用合理的方式进行类的封装以完成上述功能。 6.系统以菜单界面方式（至少采用文本菜单界面，如能采用图形菜单界面更好）工作，运行界面友好，演示程序以用户和计算机的对话方式进行。

好的，这个任务可以用面向对象的方式来实现。我们可以定义以下几个类：

1. Income类，用于记录家庭每月的收入信息；

2. Expense类，用于记录家庭每月的支出信息；

3. Balance类，用于判断家庭是否收支平衡；

4. Query类，用于根据时间、金额大小、类别进行查询并汇总；

5. Storage类，用于信息的存储和读取；

6. Menu类，用于显示菜单和用户交互。

下面是一个简单的实现示例：

import json
import os

class Income:
    def __init__(self, time, amount, category):
        self.time = time
        self.amount = amount
        self.category = category

class Expense:
    def __init__(self, time, amount, category):
        self.time = time
        self.amount = amount
        self.category = category

class Balance:
    def __init__(self, incomes, expenses):
        self.total_income = sum([income.amount for income in incomes])
        self.total_expense = sum([expense.amount for expense in expenses])

    def is_balanced(self):
        return self.total_income == self.total_expense

class Query:
    def __init__(self, incomes, expenses):
        self.incomes = incomes
        self.expenses = expenses

    def query_by_time(self, start_time, end_time):
        income_result = [income for income in self.incomes if start_time <= income.time <= end_time]
        expense_result = [expense for expense in self.expenses if start_time <= expense.time <= end_time]
        return income_result, expense_result

    def query_by_amount(self, low_amount, high_amount):
        income_result = [income for income in self.incomes if low_amount <= income.amount <= high_amount]
        expense_result = [expense for expense in self.expenses if low_amount <= expense.amount <= high_amount]
        return income_result, expense_result

    def query_by_category(self, category):
        income_result = [income for income in self.incomes if income.category == category]
        expense_result = [expense for expense in self.expenses if expense.category == category]
        return income_result, expense_result

    def query_summary(self):
        income_total = sum([income.amount for income in self.incomes])
        expense_total = sum([expense.amount for expense in self.expenses])
        return income_total, expense_total

class Storage:
    def __init__(self, file_name):
        self.file_name = file_name

    def save_data(self, data):
        with open(self.file_name, 'w') as f:
            json.dump(data, f)

    def load_data(self):
        if os.path.exists(self.file_name):
            with open(self.file_name, 'r') as f:
                data = json.load(f)
                incomes = [Income(income['time'], income['amount'], income['category']) for income in data['incomes']]
                expenses = [Expense(expense['time'], expense['amount'], expense['category']) for expense in data['expenses']]
                return incomes, expenses
        else:
            return [], []

class Menu:
    def __init__(self):
        self.incomes = []
        self.expenses = []
        self.balance = None
        self.query = None
        self.storage = Storage('data.json')

    def load_data(self):
        self.incomes, self.expenses = self.storage.load_data()
        self.balance = Balance(self.incomes, self.expenses)
        self.query = Query(self.incomes, self.expenses)

    def save_data(self):
        data = {'incomes': [{'time': income.time, 'amount': income.amount, 'category': income.category} for income in self.incomes],
                'expenses': [{'time': expense.time, 'amount': expense.amount, 'category': expense.category} for expense in self.expenses]}
        self.storage.save_data(data)

    def show_menu(self):
        print('1. 录入收入信息')
        print('2. 录入支出信息')
        print('3. 查询收入支出信息')
        print('4. 判断家庭是否收支平衡')
        print('5. 退出程序')

    def input_income(self):
        time = input('请输入收入时间（格式如2022-01-01）：')
        amount = float(input('请输入收入金额：'))
        category = input('请输入收入类别：')
        income = Income(time, amount, category)
        self.incomes.append(income)
        self.balance = Balance(self.incomes, self.expenses)
        self.query = Query(self.incomes, self.expenses)
        self.save_data()

    def input_expense(self):
        time = input('请输入支出时间（格式如2022-01-01）：')
        amount = float(input('请输入支出金额：'))
        category = input('请输入支出类别：')
        expense = Expense(time, amount, category)
        self.expenses.append(expense)
        self.balance = Balance(self.incomes, self.expenses)
        self.query = Query(self.incomes, self.expenses)
        self.save_data()

    def query_by_time(self):
        start_time = input('请输入起始时间（格式如2022-01-01）：')
        end_time = input('请输入结束时间（格式如2022-01-01）：')
        income_result, expense_result = self.query.query_by_time(start_time, end_time)
        print('收入信息：')
        for income in income_result:
            print('时间：{}，金额：{}，类别：{}'.format(income.time, income.amount, income.category))
        print('支出信息：')
        for expense in expense_result:
            print('时间：{}，金额：{}，类别：{}'.format(expense.time, expense.amount, expense.category))

    def query_by_amount(self):
        low_amount = float(input('请输入最低金额：'))
        high_amount = float(input('请输入最高金额：'))
        income_result, expense_result = self.query.query_by_amount(low_amount, high_amount)
        print('收入信息：')
        for income in income_result:
            print('时间：{}，金额：{}，类别：{}'.format(income.time, income.amount, income.category))
        print('支出信息：')
        for expense in expense_result:
            print('时间：{}，金额：{}，类别：{}'.format(expense.time, expense.amount, expense.category))

    def query_by_category(self):
        category = input('请输入类别：')
        income_result, expense_result = self.query.query_by_category(category)
        print('收入信息：')
        for income in income_result:
            print('时间：{}，金额：{}，类别：{}'.format(income.time, income.amount, income.category))
        print('支出信息：')
        for expense in expense_result:
            print('时间：{}，金额：{}，类别：{}'.format(expense.time, expense.amount, expense.category))

    def query_summary(self):
        income_total, expense_total = self.query.query_summary()
        print('总收入：{}，总支出：{}'.format(income_total, expense_total))

    def start(self):
        self.load_data()
        while True:
            self.show_menu()
            choice = input('请输入您的选择：')
            if choice == '1':
                self.input_income()
            elif choice == '2':
                self.input_expense()
            elif choice == '3':
                print('1. 按时间查询')
                print('2. 按金额查询')
                print('3. 按类别查询')
                print('4. 查询收支汇总')
                sub_choice = input('请输入您的选择：')
                if sub_choice == '1':
                    self.query_by_time()
                elif sub_choice == '2':
                    self.query_by_amount()
                elif sub_choice == '3':
                    self.query_by_category()
                elif sub_choice == '4':
                    self.query_summary()
                else:
                    print('无效的选择！')
            elif choice == '4':
                if self.balance.is_balanced():
                    print('家庭收支平衡！')
                else:
                    print('家庭收支不平衡！')
            elif choice == '5':
                print('谢谢使用！')
                break
            else:
                print('无效的选择！')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    menu = Menu()
    menu.start()